47 countries checked against their own official sources. A country with no scheme is an answer, not a gap — and where an authority would not answer us, this page says that instead.
The other continentsBack to the countries we cover
Still working through this continent.
Nine countries through, and the sweep has stopped being about whether a register exists and started being about what kind. Four shapes now, each with a different consequence for a driver.
France publishes the strongest: a consolidated national ZFE register under an open licence, with the outlines in it — 43 agglomerations listed, 23 zone versions in force across 16 named intercommunalities, of which we now hold thirteen — and the three that are left are all blocked at the publisher rather than unvisited.
Spain publishes none and does not need to, because the law counts for it: Ley 7/2021 requires a low emission zone in every municipality above 50,000 inhabitants, INE counts 153 of those, and we hold six.
Spanish work runs through each city's own register of municipal instruments rather than its home page — Zaragoza serves 1,496 of them as JSON, Valencia 154 with a per-stage record — and the 12 September 2026 cycle got three different answers out of three cities: Zaragoza bans only unlabelled vehicles on weekdays 08:00–20:00 and has been sanctioning since 12 December 2025; Málaga bans label B and unlabelled vehicles that are not on its own vehicle-tax roll, stating no hours at all; and Valencia, the third-largest city in the country, still has no zone in force, its own register printing the final plenary approval as 'En curs'.
Portugal's national portal answers with a single dataset in the whole country and it is Lisbon's, which we already have — the first country in this sweep that is genuinely finished on the evidence. Italy is the one that cannot be counted at all: no national register, a transport ministry we cannot reach over a verifiable certificate, and a consolidated-law portal that serves the highway code as an empty shell.
Sweden is now closed on both of its systems, by two different registers. The congestion tax closed by statute — the act has an annex for Stockholm and an annex for Gothenburg and no third annex.
The emission zones closed by the register of local traffic regulations, which is where a miljözon is actually created: all 21 counties searched on the register's own Miljözon category return 16 regulations in force across eight municipalities, and only Stockholm holds anything above class 1.
Its class 2 zone on Hornsgatan is now recorded and is the only emission zone in Sweden that reaches a private car; its class 3 zone in City is listed in the register as in force and was quashed by the länsstyrelsen on 19 May 2026, which is the first time this corpus has had to say that a national publication channel and validity are different things.
The 12 September 2026 cycle then ran the same method over three more Spanish cities and got a third kind of answer to add to the two above. Palma became a record — continuous, in force since 22 December 2024, and the first zone in this corpus that judges a foreign plate on the Euro class on its registration document rather than on a sticker it cannot hold.
Murcia became a sourced negative: 56 ordinances in its register, a search box proved to work by a control word, and article 7 of the mobility ordinance in force promising only to implement zones 'progresivamente'.
And Bilbao became the first city in this sweep that no channel would discuss — though the reason recorded at the time was wrong, and cycle 65 corrected it: the Bizkaia host was never a TLS failure, only a missing intermediate, and once read it turns out to publish no zone rule at all while disallowing the gazette path that would carry one.
What is left is city work, not register work: 147 Spanish municipalities and 3 French intercommunalities that exist on paper and not in the corpus — and those three are now blocked rather than unread — and Italy, which needs a different method entirely.
The four countries already through are unchanged: the Netherlands' register counts four milieuzone cities and all four are now held; DEFRA's counts seven English Clean Air Zones, of which only two charge a private car; Belgium is complete but carries the continent's most perishable lead, a common digital vignette for cars and vans including foreign plates, agreed by all three regions, tariffs published, expected spring 2027 and not yet law; Germany keeps no federal list at all, so a denominator there means 16 Länder air-quality plans.
Scotland stays open on Glasgow and Aberdeen, and Wales and Northern Ireland have never been looked at — DEFRA's register is England only. Older leads stand: London's boundary channels have never been examined, and Rome and Madrid publish geometry we cannot licence. Poland is the eleventh country and the first that shows what a national framework does NOT necessarily give you.
Denmark set one standard and five cities carried it word for word; the Polish act creates the ban and then hands the emission standard to each council under art. 39 ust. 4, so Warsaw, Katowice and Szczecin wrote three different ones — and a diesel cleared for Szczecin is not cleared for the other two.
The channel is the reusable part: art. 40 ust. 6 makes each resolution akt prawa miejscowego, so the zones live in the sixteen voivodeship journals rather than nationally, and those journals run one application with one query and a status field that records court annulments.
That field is why these three could be published at all, and it is what makes the Polish question countable: twelve journals answered and nine of them returned a control-backed zero.
The four that did not were the open lead, and cycle 64 closed three of them without touching the verification: those journals serve valid certificates and simply omit the intermediate, which the certificate itself publishes an address for, so completing the chain from the CA's own copy made them readable with rejectUnauthorized still true (D-103).
Fifteen of the sixteen journals now answer, and the three that opened return a control-backed zero for czystego transportu, so the country's count is no longer a guess: eleven control-backed zeros, four zones, and one journal — Bydgoszcz, for kujawsko-pomorskie — that resets the connection before TLS and stays unmeasured (B-054). The fourth zone is Krakow's, and it is not a fourth of the same thing.
It covers the roads the mayor manages inside a ring drawn on the city boundary itself rather than a few central streets, it asks Euro 6 of a diesel car where the other three ask Euro 5 or Euro 4, and it is the only Polish council that took the enabling act's payment option, so it is the only Polish record in the corpus with a charge.
The same cycle also found the limit of the status field this country rests on: Krakow's older Kazimierz zone still reads obowiazujacy although its own 2019 amendment ended it no later than 31 December 2019, because the field records what was done to an act and not what the act did to itself (D-104). The rest of Europe is unchanged. Greece is the twelfth country and it moves the sweep without adding to it.
The national gazette is open to us — both National Printing House hosts refuse nothing in robots.txt, which no Polish national register ever did — and its search still cannot be asked for a traffic restriction, because it matches a 422-term subject vocabulary rather than text, and that vocabulary has no term for one.
Enumeration works and retrieval does not, so Greece is a mapped channel and an unanswered country; the two ways round it, Diavgeia and the Region of Attica, are shut by robots.txt and by a zero-byte body respectively. Czechia is the thirteenth country, and it opened on the thing we were not looking for.
The Ministry of the Interior has run one national register of municipal legislation since 2022 — every obecně závazná vyhláška and every nařízení in the country, the oldest Prague entry from 1991 — and the register is a better instrument than any national channel this sweep has found: it prints its own denominator on every search (Počet podání), it filters by a controlled 104-term subject dictionary and a 137-term dictionary of statutory empowerments, and it carries a validity field that moves — across the 112 acts filed under the entry-permit heading it reads Platné 44 times and "Zrušeno k" with a date 68 times.
The host serves no robots.txt at all, and the named operator that runs it, mv.gov.cz, serves "User-agent: * / Disallow:" — the exact opposite of the Polish shape, where the silent sibling had a named brother that forbade. What the register then says is a clean negative and a clean positive at once.
The negative: zero acts in the whole country, over the whole history of the register, have "emisn" in the title, against 107 for "vjezd" and 4,029 for a control phrase, and the empowerment dictionary never cites § 14 of the Air Protection Act.
Cycle 67 then read § 14 itself at the ministry's ELI endpoint, and it reverses what that zero meant: a nízkoemisní zóna is made by opatření obecné povahy issued in delegated state administration, and this register holds ordinances and regulations, so a Czech low emission zone could never have been filed here whatever municipalities had done.
What the register does settle is the money — § 14a would put a nízkoemisní poplatek in an ordinance, which would be filed here, and the dictionary cites 201/2012 Sb. three times (§ 10(4), § 16(5), § 17(5)) and never § 14a — so no Czech municipality has introduced a low-emission charge.
The positive: 112 municipalities have made something else, a charge for the permit that lets a motor vehicle into places where entry is otherwise prohibited by the appropriate traffic sign, and 44 of those are in force. Six are published — Český Krumlov, Karlovy Vary, Mariánské Lázně, Znojmo, Františkovy Lázně and Pardubice — and two of them are not the shape of the other four.
Znojmo charges only vehicles over 3.5 tonnes, so a car is never in it at any hour. Pardubice rests on two ordinances at once: č. 11/2023 sets the fee and č.
10/2025 replaced the whole of its list of charged places on 1 May 2025, cutting nine to two, while the base act still reads Platné — which is exactly why the monitor watches the register's own count and not only the rows. None of the six states an hour, and that is a property of the source rather than a gap in the reading: the ordinance prices the permit and the traffic sign carries the ban.
Prague was the city this cycle was sent to and it produced no record — all 92 of its regulations were read by title, and the closest to a driving restriction is nařízení 19/2017, which is paid parking. Prague may still restrict lorries by local traffic order; that is not in this register and was not measured.
Czechia also speaks ELI: e-sbirka.gov.cz is a silent single-page application, but its own configuration file names an open-data endpoint at opendata.eselpoint.gov.cz that answers ELI URIs with RDF and decomposes each act into dated consolidated versions and paragraph-level fragments, which is how § 14 was read.
Cycle 68 published three more towns — Poděbrady, Janské Lázně and Pec pod Sněžkou, nine in all — and then closed the low-emission question properly, because § 14(6) names the place the register could not be: a municipality that establishes a zone must send the measure to the Ministry of the Environment within a month, and the state service catalogue registers the ministry’s duty to publish the resulting list as agenda A1126, in force since 29 May 2021.
That list is a page on mzp.gov.cz, a host that allows us everywhere its content lives and whose sitemap enumerates 1,623 URLs, and on 15 September 2026 it says outright that no Czech municipality has established a low emission zone — adding, as a second and independent sign of the same thing, that the national system for checking a vehicle against a zone has never been switched on because there is nothing to check against.
So the Czech negative is no longer an inference from an ill-fitting register; it is the receiving ministry’s own statement, and one record watches it for the whole corpus. The same page names one exception, and it is the Prague restriction cycle 66 could not find: parts of the city bar vehicles over 3.5 tonnes that do not meet Euro 6, and the ministry says in the same sentence that this is not a § 14 zone.
It is not in the Interior register either — Prague has zero acts there titled vjezd or emis against three for doprav — and the city’s own service catalogue entry, which the ministry links to, is a client-side route whose content comes from praha.eu/api/, a path its robots.txt forbids.
Prague is therefore a named, dated, unpublished restriction, and cycles 69 and 70 spent themselves finding out that it is unpublished everywhere: the city's own register of vyhlášky a nařízení (1,049 acts), its open data catalogue (408 datasets), its 25 sitemaps (67,796 URLs) and TSK Praha's own sitemap (322 URLs) each return a control-backed zero, which exhausts every channel either the ministry or the city names.
Slovenia is the fourteenth country and the first to be opened on a city's own subject register rather than on a national one. Uradni list RS is the gazette for municipal acts and is open to us, but it is browsable only issue by issue; PISRS, the national system, holds state instruments only.
What answers is Mestna občina Ljubljana's own Register predpisov, 88 subject pages each carrying an instrument's whole chain with the superseded members marked — the validity field, the amendment history and the text links in one place.
It resolved Ljubljana's traffic ordinance to 8/17 plus eight amendments, and reading all eight rather than the newest was necessary: one of them renumbered the paragraph that carries the delivery window, one created a third kind of pedestrian area with a shorter one, and the newest inserted the restriction now published — Slovenska cesta between Šubičeva ulica and Gosposvetska cesta, closed to general motor traffic since 1 January 2026, permit-only, 160 euros for an individual who drives in without one.
The two bigger Ljubljana restrictions in the same ordinance are withheld on the Boskovice–Chodov line: the cona 1 lorry ban and the pedestrian areas are both in force and both legible as rules, and neither article names its ground — cona 1 exists only in a graphic annex, and the pedestrian areas are now designated by an internal act the city lists by number and does not publish, after four successive gazette Odredbe were allowed to lapse.
Two channel facts belong with that. The Uradni list series moves to PISRS for everything published after 28 February 2026, so a future amendment to this ordinance will not be where these three were found.
And Austria and Norway, the two candidates ranked above Slovenia, are both shut at the door: ris.bka.gv.at answers the request for its own robots.txt with a Myra CAPTCHA page under HTTP 503, its open-data sibling data.bka.gv.at reads Disallow: / for everyone but a European Commission crawler, and lovdata.no closes the same way after a named-crawler group — three doors, none of them a bot wall we would work around (B-057).
Slovakia is the first country in the sweep to hold a complete national low-emission-zone framework and no way to tell who uses it.
Act 146/2023 Z. z. § 11 is as detailed as the Polish one — emission classes, plaques, resident and permit exemptions, road-authority consent, establishment by VZN, nine months' notice, signs — and act 582/2004 Z. z. §§ 60-66 carries a second framework that is a charge outright, a tax per started day for driving into a city's historic part, with the VZN required to delimit that part and set the rate.
Both were read in the text in force, on a channel that turns out to publish a server-side static twin of itself at static.slov-lex.sk with a moving validity table per act.
What is missing is the register: 146/2023 § 13(4)(d) obliges the environmental web portal to publish the list of established zones with links to the establishing ordinances, the portal identifies itself in the statute's own words, and its search index returns 980 for the positive control, 0 for the register, 0 documents and 0 for a blind negative, while its Ovzdušie menu of 14 pages carries the equivalent statutory list of installations and no list of zones.
The ministry's 14,127-URL sitemap matches nizkoemis nowhere.
Bratislava answers both frameworks in the negative on its own inventories — 43 transport pages with no zone, 7 tax pages without the entry tax — and leaves one restriction withheld rather than absent: entry to the historic core and the Staré Mesto pedestrian zone needs a city permit for vehicles over 3.5 tonnes, a weight test in the Dublin family, with no area, hours or price stated.
Estonia, ranked above Slovakia because Riigi Teataja carries municipal acts too, never answered: its robots.txt is a Cloudflare managed challenge under HTTP 403 (B-059). Croatia's narodne-novine.nn.hr is open — HTTP 200, allowing everything but a named list of individual articles — and has since been worked: Croatia and then Malta were published, which is where the country count of 24 came from before this cycle.
Cyprus and Luxembourg are the twenty-first and twenty-second countries looked at, and between them they make one point twice.
A publisher's search box can sit on a path the publisher forbids, while its catalogue does not: CyLaw's form posts to /cgi-bin/sinocgi.pl and its robots.txt disallows /cgi-bin/, and Legilux disallows /search outright — so in both countries the register, not the search, is the only lawful denominator, which is the third independent confirmation of the rule Malta produced from the other direction.
Cyprus then closed on something this sweep had not met: not a bot wall and not a 403, but a licence.
The whole .gov.cy estate, including the ministry that houses the Government Printing Office and therefore the official gazette, publishes one 458-byte robots.txt disallowing everything to everyone but Googlebot, and the non-governmental legal corpus that would substitute for it, cylaw.org, prohibits systematic automated retrieval in its terms of use — which is exactly what our freshness monitor does to every URL it cites.
So no Cypriot source can enter this corpus at present, and nothing has been measured about Cypriot roads; Nicosia's own bye-law register renders empty, and a control on its sibling pages showed they render empty too, so even that is not a finding.
Luxembourg went the other way and is published, on the city's own account of its scheme rather than on a gazette: the Ville de Luxembourg states the pedestrian-zone timetable, the vignette classes, the parking ban and the 20 km/h limit on a page we may read, and the règlement de la circulation it cites is in neither the city's 6,808-page sitemap nor its register of council-voted regulations, while Legilux disallows the administrative collection where an approved communal regulation would sit.
The open lead there is a single question for the next cycle: which Legilux collection actually holds a communal traffic regulation, established from a page that permits reading rather than guessed from a URL shape. Latvia then answered the question that had been left hanging about which city to expect: not the one we assumed.
The lead said Rīga's old town was a paid entry cordon and that it was the most promising unrecorded scheme in Europe, and the register says it was — until 2008. Cabinet regulations No.
336 of 1996 designated the Vecrīga special regime zone with its boundary written out street by street, limited paragraph 1.1 to run only to 31 December 2008, and were repealed outright from 1 July 2010; the city's charging regulations lost force in February 2009, and nothing in the 42 special-regime instruments likumi.lv publishes replaced them.
The country's one live entry charge is Jūrmala's, the seaside city west of Rīga, and it is now a record: 5 euro a day, all year, over the whole administrative territory, free automatically for anyone declared or registered there, and a 50 euro fine enforced from video. Two lessons carried.
The fourth publisher in three cycles put its search box on a path its own robots.txt forbids, and again the catalogue was open — likumi.lv slugs carry titles, so 128,071 URLs is a denominator rather than a size, which is the first time a gazette inventory that large has been one.
And the terms of use were read before any URL was cited, which this time was a positive control rather than a wall: likumi.lv forbids nothing we do, where cylaw.org forbids all of it.
That sentence once ended 'what is still untouched in Europe is Lithuania, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Switzerland', and it is left here in corrected form because four of those five have since been answered: Lithuania is shut behind Cloudflare (B-063), and Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria are each published on one city.
Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina followed, and North Macedonia is the thirtieth country looked at and the one that moves the method rather than the count.
Everything in Skopje was read on the City's own Domino gazette, an archive of every Council act since 1999 with a full-text search that answers a plain GET and a robots.txt that answers HTTP 404, which is the maximum permission there is — while the national gazette, www.slvesnik.com.mk, resets the connection during the TLS handshake and has never presented a certificate to repair (B-068).
The scheme is a flat ban rather than a price: six named central surfaces on both banks of the Vardar where motor traffic is forbidden outright, goods delivery under a City permit the only exception, 12 tonnes the only vehicle test, and no emission class anywhere in it — a negative taken against the whole gazette, where ЕУРО* returns 33 documents and not one is a vehicle restriction.
The obstacle was ours rather than the publisher's, and it is the reusable part. The gazette host serves HTTPS on a wildcard certificate that expired on 26 June 2022, which is a genuine trust failure this project does not repair, so the only way to the text is plain HTTP — and the corpus required every source URL to be https.
D-133 kept the rule, added a narrow exception that has to state its reason in writing, and renders that reason beside the link, on the ground that a silent drop looks cleaner than an honest downgrade while being strictly worse for the reader.
Albania and Montenegro have since been measured and neither could be published, for the same reason arrived at from opposite directions — in Tirana the register was thin and a spreadsheet named the act, in Podgorica the register is the best-built in the Balkans and names the act, its three amendments and their in-force dates, and the gazette then serves every one of them as a scanned image.
The sweep's remaining named candidates in Europe are Kosovo and Switzerland, and Switzerland now has its doors measured rather than guessed: fedlex.admin.ch answers 'Allow: /' with per-act sitemaps, silgeneve.ch — the Geneva legal database the canton itself links to — answers HTTP 404 for robots.txt, which is maximum permission, and the two search boxes are the obstacle rather than the permission, because ge.ch/recherche renders 250 characters without its JavaScript and silgeneve's own form is ASP.NET WebForms posting to itself.
Switzerland, Kosovo and Iceland have since been answered, and the two countries after them made one point from both ends.
Moldova is the first country in this sweep whose most permissive publisher was the wrong publisher: monitorul.gov.md answers 'Disallow:' with an empty value, the maximum permission there is, and it paginates a scope-controlled title index of the whole official gazette that is current to within a fortnight — and it cannot hold the answer, because Moldovan law files municipal acts in the Registrul de stat al actelor locale created by HG nr.
672 din 28 august 2017, whose host refuses the root, /ro and /robots.txt alike, while the City of Chisinau forbids its own site to every crawler in writing. So the national negative is real and bounded — no Moldovan national access restriction, on a measured denominator — and the Chisinau question is unanswered rather than answered no (B-074).
Monaco was then chosen because that failure mode is structural to a two-tier arrangement and a city-state cannot have it, and the prediction held: legimonaco.mc carries arretes municipaux in the same database as its ordonnances souveraines, and article 9 of arrete municipal n. 2007-256 du 27 fevrier 2007 closes Monaco-Ville to every vehicle not registered in the Principality or the Alpes-Maritimes.
That country also adds a channel shape worth reusing — the publisher's own JavaScript configuration file named an unauthenticated Elasticsearch endpoint that answers plain GET queries and reports its own exact size, on a host whose robots.txt is HTTP 404 — and an eighth independent confirmation of the oldest rule in this sweep, since the Journal de Monaco forbids its own /search path while leaving its /Journaux/ catalogue open.
Andorra was then chosen as the case between those two — seven comuns but one gazette — and it is the first country in a long while to give one country and two cities, because the Butlletí Oficial del Principat d'Andorra publishes comunal ordinacions in the same full-text index as the Govern's decrees and its filter taxonomy names all seven comuns as publishers in their own right.
Andorra la Vella's avinguda Meritxell and Escaldes-Engordany's Vivand on the avinguda Carlemany are both permanent pedestrian zones with number-plate cameras, both bounded at a junction the two acts name in identical words, and both published.
The national negative there is unusually clean because the gazette is full text: all three occurrences of 'zona de baixes emissions' in 230,111 documents are about Barcelona, being Govern decrees setting the fee for registering Andorran vehicles in the Barcelona metropolitan register, so Andorra has no low emission zone of its own.
San Marino was then chosen for the same reason and gave the opposite structure: nine castelli WITH elected Giunte, and a Giunta that does not legislate, so the capital's limited-traffic zone is a decreto delegato of the Republic rather than a municipal act, and the publisher's own sixteen-item document-type list has no municipal kind in it at all.
The archive's search is the first in this sweep with separate title and body fields, which makes the full-text control a single query rather than an inference.
The zone is published and so is the permit that opens it, at a 5 or 15 euro revenue stamp from the Corpo di Polizia Civile; the conditions for passing a gate without one are not, because the 1997 regulation the police cite is absent from the national archive, so no hours are recorded and the silence is written down as silence.
Liechtenstein was then chosen because its shape was genuinely unknown rather than merely unvisited — eleven Gemeinden and one national legal database — and it turned out to be a fifth shape, not a repeat of any of the four.
The Gemeinden DO legislate, with Reglemente and police fines up to CHF 10,000 under articles 9 and 10 of the Gemeindegesetz, and the national database has no municipal class all the same, because article 11 of the same act puts municipal publication on each Gemeinde's own website for fourteen days and requires generally binding decisions to stay accessible while they are in force.
So the absence in Lilex is a statutory arrangement rather than a closure. And the zone is a national act regardless: article 2 of the Strassenverkehrsgesetz reserves traffic restrictions on all roads to the Regierung, article 97 of the Strassensignalisationsverordnung has the Amt für Tiefbau und Geoinformation decree and publish them, and the Gemeinde only puts up the signs and sells the exemption.
Vaduz's Städtle pedestrian zone is recorded with the one window the Gemeinde publishes — goods handling, Monday to Saturday 06.00 to 10.00, no permit — a CHF 10 a day Fahrbewilligung after that, and a flat CHF 80 fixed penalty from the Ordnungsbussenverordnung.
What is NOT published is the order that created the zone, because the national office's own estate answers a Cloudflare interstitial (B-075), so the record carries no effective date at all.
Ukraine was then measured and set aside, the Vatican was measured and published as the thirty-ninth country, and Belarus was measured and set aside, which brings Europe to a point worth stating plainly rather than leaving for a later cycle to rediscover: at sovereign-state level the list of candidates is EXHAUSTED. Forty-three European states have been through this sweep.
Of the ones that have not, Austria and Norway were measured and closed under B-057 — a CAPTCHA wall on one national legal database and Disallow: / on the other — and Russia and Turkey are not candidates without an explicit instruction from Gábor. Belarus was the last name on the list and it is now the sixth European negative (B-078).
So the question "which European country next" no longer has an answer, and pretending otherwise would cost a future cycle its whole budget. Europe is NOT swept all the same, and the reason is written into this record twice over.
Six countries stand here measured and unpublished — Albania, Montenegro, Kosovo, Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus — and seven restrictions that are IN FORCE sit below as withheld, each one a regime a driver can be fined under and we cannot yet describe.
Those seven are where Europe's remaining value is, and they are ranked ahead of leaving the continent: one French ZFE-m (Grand Reims), one Scottish LEZ (Aberdeen), three Czech schemes (Prague's Euro 6 lorry ban, Kladno and Chodov entry-permit fees), Ljubljana's Območja za pešce and Bratislava's Staré Mesto.
This count was eleven when it was first written and has come down by four, one cycle at a time: Glasgow (D-157), Ljubljana's cona 1 (D-159), Clermont (D-161) and Rennes (D-164). Three of those four fell to the same move — the operating authority's own editorial pages, after every acts or register channel had refused — which is now the first thing to try rather than the last.
Cycle 95 spent its remaining budget on the Scottish pair and closed a door rather than opening one, which is worth recording so it is not tried a third time from the same direction. The national joint publisher for all four Scottish LEZs, lowemissionzones.scot, redirects to www.mygov.scot/low-emission-zones and answers HTTP 202 with "we need to verify that you're not a robot.
This requires JavaScript." — and www.mygov.scot/robots.txt itself answers HTTP 202 with ZERO bytes. www.gov.scot serves the same 1,979-byte wall.
Transport Scotland, www.transport.gov.scot, IS open and was read properly: a declared sitemap of 17,239 URLs, 245 of them matching low-emission vocabulary and 32 of those outside /news/, and its national LEZ page carries policy narrative still written in the future tense about February to May 2022 — no Glasgow boundary, no local terms, nothing a record needs.
Scotland's national spatial catalogue, www.spatialdata.gov.scot, is the sharpest of the three: it serves 26,959 bytes of real GeoNetwork catalogue on its root and its robots.txt says Disallow:/ with a comment explaining that this is deliberate until they are ready. A host that answers in full can still exclude us in writing, so the boundary dataset that would have closed Glasgow's one named gap is not ours to take.
What is named and unmeasured in Europe now is therefore not a country but a document: the Glasgow and Aberdeen LEZ scheme orders made under the Transport (Scotland) Act 2019 and approved by Scottish Ministers, which Dundee publishes as a PDF and which must exist for the other two. Greece was opened on 21 September 2026 and did not yield a record, and both halves of that are worth carrying.
Every obvious Greek publisher refuses us: the Region of Attica, which issues the Athens ring, answers HTTP 418 to robots.txt and to its own home page; the Hellenic Police and gov.gr answer 403 from Akamai; the City of Athens sits behind a Cloudflare interstitial; the transport ministry publishes robots.txt with Disallow: / for every agent; and Diavgeia, the national transparency register, disallows precisely /decision/view, /doc/* and its own /luminapi/api/decisions/* — the site root is allowed and holds nothing.
The door that is open is the one that matters, because it is where Greek law is actually published: the National Printing House. search.et.gr and et.gr both serve Disallow: (nothing forbidden), the search backend is an unauthenticated Azure function, and the gazette PDF sits at a deterministic url built from issue group, year and document number with no token and no session. scripts/fek-search.mjs is that recipe.
What it found is that Athens has two measures and neither is publishable today.
The daktylios is real, central and fully readable — ΦΕΚ Β' 5565/2025 of 17 October 2025 gives the perimeter street by street, odd and even plates by date, Monday to Thursday 07:00–20:00 and Friday 07:00–15:00, and the exemption an English-speaking visitor would most want, which is that a foreign plate is outside the measure for the first forty days in Greece and so is a car hired by a foreign visitor — but that instrument ran to 24 July 2026 and has lapsed, and the 2026-2027 decision had not reached the gazette when this was measured.
It is a seasonal rule between seasons, which this corpus may not publish as current. The Commercial Triangle in the middle of Athens is the opposite case: the 2025 decision states that its restrictions are untouched and extended until further notice, so it IS in force, but its substance lives in ΦΕΚ Β' 684/1997, and that gazette is 717 KB of scanned images with a text layer of zero characters.
So Greece is not blocked and not finished: it is one gazette issue away, in October.
Genoa, read on 22 September 2026, adds the fifth instance of a shape this sweep keeps meeting in Italy and should now expect: the comune publishes no rulebook of its own and its service page hands the reader to an in-house company, here Genova Parcheggi S.p.A., which carries the zone pages, the street-by-street boundaries and the governing determinazione as a download — the same pattern as Lucca to luccaplus.it, Verona to amt3.it, Pisa to pisamo.it and Milan to areac.atm-mi.it.
Two cautions came out of it that are about the sweep and not about Genoa. The operator's domain is not guessable: genovaparcheggi.it is a parked domain for sale and the live site is genovaparcheggi.com, which is what the comune itself links.
And a single downloaded PDF can hold two documents with two different text layers — the determinazione's cover page reads cleanly while its 54-page attachment scatters spaces inside words — so the typesetting has to be measured per document, not per file.
On the regional question the 130th cycle opened, nothing moved: Liguria's own register was not looked for, because Genoa's rules turned out to be entirely municipal and the disciplinare cites no regional instrument. Lombardy, Veneto and now Liguria are the three northern regions still unchecked for an Arpae-style ordinance register.
Genoa also leaves a named second scheme unread: its ZTL rulebook expressly excludes the areas restricted to the most polluting vehicles under Ordinanza Sindacale 59/2023 and says that measure acts autonomously alongside it, so Genoa is a city where we hold one of two schemes and know the name of the other. Norway is the forty-sixth country and it changes what 'open' means on this continent.
It was the last European country whose municipal channel had never been looked at — the national register, lovdata.no, refuses us in writing, and a note filed on 2026-09-15 said so and said in the same breath that a Norwegian low emission zone belongs to the cities rather than to a region, which is a step nobody then took.
Taking it opened the country on the first city asked: Oslo declares 5,074 URLs, seven of them match the vocabulary, and exactly one is a rule in force — the piggdekkgebyr, a charge on driving with studded tyres anywhere inside the municipality including state roads and including a through-route.
That leaves Europe with no unrecorded country whose channels are merely unvisited: Estonia, Lithuania and Cyprus are behind publisher walls, Finland, Kosovo, Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus carry measured negatives on the law or the register, and Norway is now published. What is open here is city work and one boundary question, not register work.
The city work is named by the Norwegian publisher itself: Oslo exempts a vehicle holding a valid oblat from Bergen or Trondheim, so two more Norwegian cities run this scheme and recognise each other's receipts, and neither has been measured.
Oslo's toll ring is a second unmeasured scheme in the city we did open, and its absence from the municipal inventory is the reason — the bomring belongs to the operator, not to the kommune, which is the same operator-owns-the-page pattern this sweep already knows from Genoa, Lucca, Verona, Pisa and Milan.
The boundary question is new and deliberately unanswered: Oslo's charge is coextensive with an administrative boundary that OpenStreetMap publishes as data, which would make it the first zone boundary in this corpus taken from an administrative relation rather than from a zone object a publisher drew.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 2 Flemish cities stated to have a low emission zone from Vlaamse overheid (vlaanderen.be), 1,313 pages from Service public de Wallonie — Portail de la mobilité, 3,467 pages from Service public de Wallonie.
Belgium is the cheapest country in this sweep, because the register we already watch states its own total: the Flemish government says Antwerp and Ghent are currently the only Flemish cities with a low emission zone, and almost the whole Brussels-Capital Region is one. All three are in the corpus, so Flanders and Brussels are closed rather than merely sampled.
The same page carries a change worth having: on 28 November 2025 the Flemish Government withdrew every planned tightening of LEZ access conditions, so the current rules stay — which our Antwerp record already says.
Wallonia is the open half, and it is thin rather than blocked: the regional mobility portal declares 1,313 pages, and the single genuine match in them is a news item from January 2020 saying the low emission zone was then a project in one city. Two of the other three matches were the place names Frasnes-lez-Anvaing and Chapelle-lez-Herlaimont, which is a fair reminder of what a loose grep buys.
A 2020 page is not evidence about 2026, so Wallonia is recorded as unmeasured rather than as empty. Wallonia was then checked on its own account: its 3,467-page inventory returns fifteen matches for the vocabulary and every one is a vehicle tax, a road-condition service or a winter plan for lorries. It has no low emission zone.
What it does have is a road charge coming — a common Belgian digital vignette, agreed by all three regions, tariffs published, and not yet law.
Looked at and not counted as a scheme:
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 35 zone outlines in the state's consolidated ZFE register, of which 23 were in force on 2026-09-10, across 16 named intercommunalities from Point d'Accès National transport.data.gouv.fr (Base nationale consolidée des Zones à Faibles Émissions, Licence Ouverte v2.0), 43 agglomerations listed by the publisher as ZFE territories from Point d'Accès National transport.data.gouv.fr (ZFE identifier key).
France is the best-answered country in this sweep, and the first anywhere whose register is a geometry.
The French National Access Point for transport data publishes the Base nationale consolidée des Zones à Faibles Émissions under Licence Ouverte v2.0, last updated 26 March 2026, as two GeoJSON layers — the zone outlines and the roads added to or taken out of them — and ships the key that names them: 43 agglomerations listed as ZFE territories.
The outline layer holds 35 rows, because a row is a version of a zone rather than a zone: Toulouse alone carries four, and Strasbourg's 2027 tightening and the Bas-Rhin communes' 2028 zones are already in the file with future start dates.
Counting only rows in force on 10 September 2026 gives 23: 21 of them across 16 named intercommunalities — Angers, Annemasse, Bordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand, Grand Reims, Lyon, Aix-Marseille-Provence, Montpellier, Nancy, Nantes, Paris, Rennes, Rouen, Saint-Étienne, Strasbourg and Toulouse — and two whose identifier is not in the publisher's own key, one of which publishes its decree on Grenoble's mobility portal.
We hold fifteen of the sixteen: Paris, Lyon, Montpellier, Aix-Marseille-Provence, Strasbourg, Rouen, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Nancy, Nantes, Saint-Étienne, Angers, Annemasse, Clermont-Ferrand and Rennes.
One is left, and it is blocked rather than unvisited: Grand Reims, whose intercommunal and city hosts both answer with a bot-mitigation wall that names itself, and whose three register pointers lead only there or to a host that excludes every robot in writing.
Rennes was the harder of the two that fell, and the way it fell is worth keeping: the register's pointer columns were both HTTP 404 after a CMS migration, and the sitemap of the host they pointed at held 1,411 URLs and not one about the zone — a controlled zero that was true about the wrong host.
The migration had moved the zone page to a thematic subdomain, transport.metropole.rennes.fr, and the publisher's own search API found it in one query (D-164). That page carries the rule and links the executive order itself as a readable PDF. Working through them has produced two warnings about this register rather than compliments, and both are about reading a machine column as a rule.
The first: a row can be in force and still be out of date. Montpellier's single row carries a 2022 start and no end date, and its outline encloses 197.7 km² — the eleven-commune first phase, which ended on 30 June 2026 when the metropolis's own signed order extended the zone to all 31 communes.
So the register was not wrong about which zones exist; it was six months behind on what one of them covers, and that is exactly the kind of gap a national file cannot signal. Lyon and Aix-Marseille match their publishers' own prose and are held as geometry; Montpellier is published with the boundary explicitly withheld.
The second warning is sharper, because it is about the rule and not the shape: the register's per-category columns describe the zone's end state within a row's validity window, not what is restricted today. Grand Nancy's single row runs 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2034 and carries vp_critair = V5, which reads as 'a Crit'Air 5 car has been banned there since 2025'.
The Métropole's own signed order says otherwise in article 2: from 2025 the restriction reaches light commercial vehicles, lorries, buses and coaches, and cars only from 1 January 2028. The row's end date is simply the ten-year term the order sets itself in article 1.
The same file understates Bordeaux in the opposite direction, encoding its hours as 'Mo-Su 00:00-23:59; PH off' while the Métropole's page says seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day and names no holiday exception. So the register stays what it has been — a denominator, a geometry and a directory of first-party sources — and no rule is taken from it.
Toulouse is the case where it agreed: its ZFE-004 row carries vp_critair = V4 and an area of 70.6 km² against the 72 km² the Métropole publishes in prose, so both the rule and the outline are held.
Two further facts came out of the city pages and not out of the register at all: Marseille's Crit'Air 3 step was cancelled by order n° 24-177 of 11 June 2024 because Aix-Marseille stopped exceeding the air quality limits and became a 'territoire de vigilance', so the national timetable no longer binds it; and Montpellier deferred fining of banned-category vehicles to 2027, a fact its French page carries and its English page does not.
The national question is settled too, and against the headlines: the article abolishing France's ZFEs passed both chambers and the joint committee, and the Conseil constitutionnel struck it down on 21 May 2026 before promulgation.
The ministry states the obligation they rest on: a ZFE is required in metropolitan agglomerations above 150,000 inhabitants whose air quality is not satisfactory, under the 2019 mobility orientation law and the 2021 climate and resilience law.
One near-miss is worth recording, because it would have produced a fabricated fact rather than a missing one: six in-force rows carry vp_critair = 'NC', which reads like 'non concerné' and is not. The publisher's own schema defines the sticker order as EL, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, NC and says NC means vehicles without a sticker — so 'NC' is the mildest tier of restriction on a private car, not the absence of one.
The zones that genuinely leave private cars alone are the ones with no vp_critair at all, and Grenoble's is one: its own decree is published as arrete_ZFE_VUL_PL.pdf, vans and lorries. Updated 2026-09-17 (D-161).
Clermont-Ferrand is published and leaves this list, and it did not come from the register: every acts channel the Métropole runs is shut — publiact.fr, the platform behind its post-September-2023 register, answers Cloudflare HTTP 403 to every path including robots.txt, for undici and curl alike, and every PDF in the pre-2023 archive sits under /fileadmin/, which the Métropole's own robots.txt disallows.
What opened it was the Métropole's own qualité-de-l'air page. Two things this register taught us in the process.
First, it has a column that is not a rule and was never barred: url_arrete, filled in on all 35 rows, is a pointer to the decree rather than a claim about it, and for Clermont it delivered the order itself at HTTP 200 — 24 pages of Konica Minolta scan with zero extractable text, which is an answer and not a failure.
Second, the warning about Montpellier generalises: the national layer does not follow perimeter extensions. Clermont's row still encloses the ring of boulevards inside the city, 4.57 km from the city anchor at its furthest corner, while the Métropole has covered all twenty-one communes since March 2025 — an OSM boundary spanning 17.79 km from the same point. Two out of thirteen French records, both the same shape.
One column did earn its keep, though: proprietaire_vehicule = PERSONNE MORALE, the oddity flagged on 11 September as unconfirmable, turns out to be real — the Métropole states in its own words that a private individual's unclassified van is outside the scheme unless it is put to professional use.
Found in force here, and not yet recordable:
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 30,302 pages from Umweltbundesamt.
Germany runs its low emission zones under one federal instrument and keeps no federal list of them. The Umweltbundesamt's own inventory holds 30,302 pages and nine that mention Umweltzonen at all; the register page among them explains the system — the 35.
BImSchV, a green sticker valid in every German zone since 2012, a EUR 100 fine, and the Annex 3 categories exempt everywhere — but never enumerates which zones are currently in force. It also says the direction of travel is downward: air quality limits are now met at every German monitoring station and 'immer mehr Städte und Kommunen heben ihre Umweltzonen auf'.
A German denominator therefore has to come from the 16 Länder air-quality plans, not from the federation. We hold Berlin. A named gap that page exposes: motorcycles and three-wheelers are exempt from every German Umweltzone, and our Berlin page does not say so, because that is a federal fact and the record's how_to_comply already carries the city's.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 61 datasets matching ZTL, against 1,301 for the control word 'mobilita' — municipal publications, not a register of zones from Agenzia per l'Italia Digitale (dati.gov.it national open data catalogue), 126 comuni, by ISTAT code, in the Agglomerato di Bologna, Pianura Est and Pianura Ovest — the first real denominator any Italian channel has given us, though it covers one region of twenty from Arpae Emilia-Romagna (regional environmental agency) — the municipalities bound by the PAIR 2030 winter measures, 1 municipal ordinances published on 2026-09-22 — Modena's, signed 17/09/2026.
The season starts 1 October and the rest, Bologna included, had not published yet, so this is a date rather than a dead end: the same URL is the entry point for every further Emilia-Romagna city from Arpae Emilia-Romagna — 'Ordinanze 2026-2027', the index of implementing ordinances for the 2026/2027 season.
We still cannot read https://www.mit.gov.it/ (UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE on every request, including https://www.mit.gov.it/robots.txt. The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport is the only body that could hold a national view of Italian access restrictions, and we cannot reach it over a chain we can verify.
Certificate verification was not disabled — the same decision as Venezuela (B-026) and Colombia (B-023).); https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:1992-04-30;285 (HTTP 200 and 1,549,036 bytes, and not one article of the highway code in it: the page is the portal shell, and the words 'traffico limitato' and 'Art. 7' appear nowhere in it.
The article loader at /atto/caricaArticolo answers HTTP 200 with 'Errore nel caricamento delle informazioni' and a session id, so the consolidated text is served only inside a session we did not have.
This is the Bogotá sisjur shape (B-023): the estate serves us, the retrieval does not work.); https://www.comune.bologna.it/informazioni/zona-traffico-limitato-ztl (HTTP 200 and 23,924 bytes containing the word 'ztl' exactly once, an empty <title>Comune di Bologna and empty og: tags — the same shell the home page serves.
Measured 2026-09-22: the site is a Lepida MyPortal instance (tenant C_A944) whose 41,991,154-byte build.js builds its content requests as baseUrl + '/myportal/' + ipa + '/api/content/slug/…', and robots.txt reads 'Disallow: /myportal/' with a single exception, 'Allow: /myportal/*/api/content/download'. So the only allowed API path is the attachment downloader, whose ids come from the slug endpoint we may not call.
This is not bot protection and not a fault: a publisher decided its content API is not for crawlers, and we honour it.
What IS readable is the sitemap — 9,998 URLs, zero PDFs — and it names at least four Bologna schemes we can therefore list and not read: zona-traffico-limitato-ztl, ztl-ambientale, and two special zones, ZTLS Moline-Capo di Lucca and ZTLS San Francesco-Pratello. atti9.comune.bologna.it serves the same shell.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Italy is the country in this sweep where the honest answer is that it cannot be measured this way, and saying so is better than a number we would not believe. There is no national register of zone a traffico limitato, and there cannot easily be one: a ZTL is created by a mayoral order under the highway code, so the denominator is the number of comuni, not the length of a list.
The two channels that could have supplied a national figure both refuse us, in different ways. The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport does not present a certificate chain we can verify — every request to mit.gov.it, robots.txt included, fails with UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE, and we do not turn certificate checking off.
Normattiva, the state's consolidated-law portal, serves the highway code's landing page as a 1.5 MB shell containing none of its articles, and its article loader answers 'Errore nel caricamento delle informazioni' without a session, so article 7 — the provision every Italian ZTL rests on — was not read this cycle.
What did answer is the national open data catalogue, and it answers properly: 61 datasets match 'ZTL' against 1,301 for the control word 'mobilita', so the search works and 61 is a real count. It is a count of municipal publications, not of zones, and it does not bound anything.
The named next step is ISTAT's 'Dati ambientali nelle città' urban mobility series, which counts provincial capitals operating a ZTL; the copies its sitemap surfaces are from 2012, so the current edition has to be found before that number can be used. — Re-read 2026-09-22, and the flat 'no register exists' has to be qualified: there is no NATIONAL register, but there is a REGIONAL one, and it is the strongest Italian channel found so far.
Emilia-Romagna's air-quality plan, the PAIR 2030 (D.A.L. 152/2024, with L.R. 9/2026 and DGR 1505/2026), imposes one winter circulation ban across the region, and Arpae — the regional environmental agency — publishes both the list of municipalities it binds and the implementing ordinance of each one.
The list is a real denominator: 126 comuni across the Bologna agglomeration, Pianura Est and Pianura Ovest, by ISTAT code. The index of ordinances is a real numerator, and on 2026-09-22 it held exactly one, Modena's, signed five days earlier — the season starts on 1 October and the other municipalities, Bologna included, had not yet published.
That single ordinance is now a record, and it is the first Italian one in this corpus with a published fine (€168–€679).
So the Italian denominator is not one number but a stack of regional ones, and this is the first regional register we have found that works; the named next step for Italy is now to check whether Lombardy, Piedmont and Veneto — the other three signatories of the Po basin agreement the ordinance cites — publish their municipal ordinances the same way. — Piedmont answered on 2026-09-22, and the answer is no.
Arpa Piemonte, the regional agency, publishes the daily 'semaforo antismog' level and nothing else: its own FAQ states that under the legislation in force the choice of traffic limitations is 'prerogativa dei singoli Comuni' and that the agency 'calcola esclusivamente il livello del semaforo', leaving each municipal administration to issue any ordinance itself.
So Piedmont has a regional trigger without a regional register, which is a different shape from Emilia-Romagna and not a weaker version of it: there is no index of municipal ordinances to harvest. Regione Piemonte's own site cannot be read either — its robots.txt is unreachable, which RFC 9309 makes a complete disallow. Lombardy and Veneto are still unchecked.
Bologna itself is the counter-example that keeps the country from closing: its own site is a Lepida MyPortal instance whose entire content API is refused to crawlers by robots.txt, so the four schemes its sitemap names can be listed and not read.
Turin, the next city on the ranking, is closed to us by the publisher's own choice rather than by any obstacle: comune.torino.it is a Drupal site whose robots.txt names seventeen AI agents — anthropic-ai, ClaudeBot and Claude-SearchBot among them — and disallows each of them the whole site, so this cycle did not fetch a page from it (D-248).
We hold fifteen Italian records across eight cities and we make no claim about how many more exist.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 4 cities with a milieuzone for diesel cars or vans from Milieuzones in Nederland (joint Dutch municipalities).
The Netherlands is the one country so far with a national register that counts itself, and it shows exactly what we are missing. The joint-municipality site states that four cities operate a milieuzone for diesel cars or vans — Amsterdam, Arnhem, Den Haag and Utrecht — and we hold one of them. That is a measurable gap rather than an impression: three named cities, published by the authority, not yet in the corpus.
The register also warns that zero-emission zones are replacing milieuzones for vans and lorries in a growing list of municipalities, so the four is a moving number and the page is already watched.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 1 datasets in the whole country matching reduced-emission zone, against 65 for the control word 'mobilidade' — and the one is Lisbon's, which we hold from dados.gov.pt (Portuguese national open data portal), 37,355 pages in the council's own two declared sitemaps, of which 0 match reduced-emission zone vocabulary and 160 match the control term 'mobilidade' from Câmara Municipal do Porto.
We still cannot read https://lisboa.pt/?type=1533906435 (HTTP 403. The Câmara Municipal de Lisboa declares this sitemap in its own robots.txt and then refuses it, so we have no inventory for the one Portuguese city that does run a scheme.
It changes nothing about the two Lisbon records, which come from the council's published pages, but it means the Lisbon end of this country is bounded by the national portal rather than by the council.); https://www.apambiente.pt/sitemap.xml (HTTP 404, and robots.txt declares no sitemap.
The Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente offers no inventory to count, so nothing about Portuguese air quality policy is bounded through the environment agency.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Portugal is the cleanest negative in this sweep, and it took two independent counts to earn it. The national open data portal answers a search for 'zona de emissões reduzidas' with exactly one dataset in the whole country, and it belongs to the Município de Lisboa — the zones we already hold, both of them, published under CC BY.
That one is only a finding because the control word works: 'mobilidade' returns 65 datasets from the same search, so the engine is not simply answering nothing. The second count is Porto, the obvious place a second Portuguese scheme would be.
Porto's own two declared sitemaps enumerate 37,355 pages, and none of them matches reduced-emission-zone vocabulary, while the control term 'mobilidade' matches 160 in the same inventory. Two publishers, two denominators, the same answer: Lisbon is the only reduced-emission zone in Portugal, and it is in the corpus.
What is not readable is the Lisbon council's own sitemap — it is declared in robots.txt and answers HTTP 403 — and the environment agency declares no sitemap at all. Neither costs us anything here, because the Lisbon records were built from the council's published pages and the national portal supplies the denominator, but both are recorded rather than passed over.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 153 municipalities above 50,000 inhabitants — the threshold at which Ley 7/2021 art.
14.3 requires a low emission zone — out of 8,138 municipality series; 432 are above 20,000 from Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Cifras oficiales del padrón por municipio, table 29005, revision of 1 January 2025), 1,508 pages in the DGT's own declared sitemap, of which 5 match low emission zone vocabulary and all 5 are press releases or event notices from Dirección General de Tráfico, 154 municipal ordinances in Valencia's own register, of which exactly one is the Ordenança reguladora de la Zona de Baixes Emissions and it carries no consolidated text in force from Ajuntament de València — Seu Electrònica (registre d'ordenances municipals), 56 ordinances in Murcia's own register across five pages, none of which regulates a low emission zone; the register's search is proved to be applied rather than ignored — 'movilidad' returns 2, 'qqzzxxw' returns 0, and 'emision' and 'ZBE' each return 0, which is the B-023 control test on a search box.
The one instrument that speaks to the subject is the Ordenanza de Movilidad of 25 April 2024, whose article 7 reads in full: 'El Ayuntamiento de Murcia implantará progresivamente zonas bajas emisiones conforme a la normativa vigente.' Counted here and not monitored: web.murcia.es disallows every agent outside a two-name allowlist in its robots.txt (D-050) from Ayuntamiento de Murcia (registro de ordenanzas municipales), 1,496 municipal and applicable instruments across 29 subject headings, served as JSON with consolidated text; the Ordenanza Municipal de Zona de Bajas Emisiones is one of 35 under Tráfico y Transportes from Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza — Sede electrónica (normativa municipal).
We still cannot read https://www.bizkaia.eus/lehendakaritza/bao_bob/ (robots.txt disallows the Boletin Oficial de Bizkaia path for every agent, in 9 casing variants and 3 URL encodings (read 2026-09-14)); https://www.bilbao.eus/ (HTTP 200, robots.txt disallows every agent outside a short allowlist (read 2026-09-12)); https://bilbao.net/ (TCP connects in 33 ms, connection reset at 12 s before any ServerHello, on every TLS version offered (read 2026-09-12)), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Spain has the largest measured gap in the corpus, and unusually the denominator comes from the statute rather than from a register.
Article 14.3 of Ley 7/2021 requires that 'los municipios de más de 50.000 habitantes y los territorios insulares' adopt sustainable urban mobility plans before 2023 including, as the first named measure, 'el establecimiento de zonas de bajas emisiones antes de 2023'; the same article extends that to municipalities above 20,000 where the air quality limit values of Real Decreto 102/2011 are breached.
INE's official padrón, read through its own statistics API on 10 September 2026, counts 153 Spanish municipalities above 50,000 inhabitants out of 8,138, and 432 above 20,000. So Spain should hold at least 153 low emission zones. We hold five: Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, Zaragoza and Málaga.
That gap is a legal fact, not an estimate — but it is a floor on what should exist, not a count of what does, and no Spanish authority publishes the second number. Real Decreto 1052/2022 regulates how a ZBE must be designed, signed, monitored and reviewed, and creates no register of them: the word 'registro' appears once in its consolidated text and it is about continuous noise monitoring.
The ministry that would hold one declares no sitemap and answers every low-emission-zone path with HTTP 200 and its own error page, which is a soft 404 rather than a refusal, and the transport ministry answers HTTP 403. The DGT is readable and empty of a register: its own sitemap enumerates 1,508 pages, five of which mention low emission zones, and all five are press releases and event notices.
Spanish work is therefore city by city, and the 12 September 2026 cycle established what that costs and what it finds.
The productive channel is not the city home page but the city's own register of municipal instruments: Zaragoza serves 1,496 instruments across 29 subject headings as JSON, with the consolidated text of each, and the ZBE ordinance was found in the Tráfico y Transportes heading without a search engine; Valencia serves a register of 154 ordinances with a per-stage record of how far each has got.
Three cities give three different answers. Zaragoza bans only unlabelled vehicles, on weekdays 08:00–20:00, and enforcement began on 12 December 2025. Málaga bans DGT label B and unlabelled vehicles that are not on its own vehicle-tax roll — a rule about who the driver is rather than what they drive — with no hours stated at all.
Valencia, the third-largest city in Spain, still has no ZBE in force: its ordinance is drafted, initially approved and through public exposition, and its own register prints the final plenary approval as 'En curs'. That is the third answer and it is a finding, not a failure to look.
The cycle of 12 September 2026 ran the same method over three more cities and got three more kinds of answer, which is now the finding about Spain rather than an accident of which cities were picked.
Palma is a record: its ordinance has been in force since 22 December 2024, sanctioning began on 1 July 2025, Annex 1 gives the time of application as 'Continuo', and a decree of 13 March 2026 rewrote Annex 2 so that a vehicle registered outside Spain is judged on the Euro class on its registration document rather than on a DGT label it cannot have — five calendar days of notice, proof of the vehicle's passage to the island, and a 30-day permit.
Murcia is a negative with a source: its register holds 56 ordinances, the search box is proved to work by a control word, no instrument in it regulates a ZBE, and article 7 of the mobility ordinance in force says only that the city 'implantará progresivamente zonas bajas emisiones conforme a la normativa vigente' — a promise with no perimeter, no threshold and no date.
Bilbao was asked properly for the first time on 14 September 2026, and the answer is a channel fact rather than a city one.
The sentence this entry used to carry - that www.bizkaia.eus 'serves a certificate we cannot verify' - was measured false: the certificate is valid to 4 February 2027 and the server merely omits the Izenpe intermediate, which the leaf itself publishes an address for, so the provincial government's site reads fine with verification left on (D-103).
Read, it says nothing: its own search index returns 0 results for 'zona de bajas emisiones' against 58 for the control word 'carreteras', the 6 hits for 'emisiones' are farm subsidies, climate grants to municipalities and a bike scheme, and its 1,436-URL sitemap holds traffic, mobility and toll pages but no zone page at all.
What is closed is the register, not the host: the Boletin Oficial de Bizkaia is the gazette a municipal ZBE ordinance would have to appear in, and the same robots.txt disallows its path in nine casing variants and three URL encodings, while bao.bizkaia.eus and egoitza.bizkaia.eus do not resolve and apps.bizkaia.eus serves no robots.txt - so there is no second copy we may lawfully use either. bilbao.eus still disallows every agent outside a short allowlist.
The fifth channel, the city's own open-data catalogue at bilbao.net, was finally tried on 12 September 2026 after being deferred four times, and it is the one shape none of the other four was: TCP connects in 33 ms and the connection is reset at twelve seconds before any ServerHello, on both bilbao.net and www.bilbao.net, and unchanged whether we offer TLS 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3.
Nine government hosts on three continents do exactly that, so we say what we measured and not whose fault it is. Bilbao is still not a withheld candidate: we have never read a page showing a Bilbao low-emission zone is in force, and five closed doors are not evidence that one exists.
So the count is six held of 153, one municipality answered in the negative from its own instrument, and one that no available channel will discuss. 147 of the 153 are still unwritten.
Looked at and not counted as a scheme:
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 8 cities the agency states have a class 1 miljözon, which applies to heavy lorries and buses only; the page names no municipality for class 2 or class 3 from Transportstyrelsen (Swedish Transport Agency), 5,048 pages in the agency's own declared sitemap, of which 140 match congestion tax or miljözon vocabulary from Transportstyrelsen (Swedish Transport Agency), 16 miljözon regulations in force across all 21 counties on 2026-09-12, searched by the register's own Miljözon category with every municipality selected: held by eight municipalities, of which only Stockholm holds anything above class 1 from Transportstyrelsen — Svensk trafikföreskriftssamling (STFS), the channel förordning (2007:231) requires local traffic regulations to be published in.
Sweden runs two entirely separate systems and the same agency publishes both, which is why one cycle could close most of it. The congestion tax exists in exactly two cities, and the statute says so rather than a web page: Lag (2004:629) om trängselskatt makes a passage taxable at a toll station 'i Stockholms kommun' listed in annex 1 or 'i Göteborgs kommun' listed in annex 2, and there is no annex 3.
We held one of the two; Gothenburg is now recorded, at 9 to 22 SEK a passage with a 60 SEK daily cap, and the same act supplied the surcharge for late payment — 500 kronor, at most once per car per calendar month — which fills a hole the Stockholm record had carried as unknown since it was written.
The emission zones are the other system and Transportstyrelsen's own page counts itself: 'Miljözon klass 1 för tunga fordon finns idag i Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö, Mölndal, Uppsala, Helsingborg, Lund, Umeå' — eight cities, and a class 1 zone applies only to heavy lorries and buses, so it never touches a private car. That is the DEFRA sentence again, in Swedish.
What the page does not do is name any municipality operating a class 2 zone or a class 3 zone — and that half of Sweden is now closed too, from a different register. A miljözon is not created by the agency at all: trafikförordningen (1998:1276) 4 kap. 22–22 d §§ define what each class means, and 10 kap.
1 § andra stycket 3 lets a municipality declare one by a lokal trafikföreskrift. Those regulations have exactly one official publication channel, required by förordning (2007:231): Svensk trafikföreskriftssamling.
Searched county by county on 12 September 2026, with the register's own 'Miljözon' category and every municipality in each county selected, all 21 counties return 16 miljözon regulations in force, held by eight municipalities — and they are the same eight the agency's page names.
Seven of them hold class 1 only: Helsingborg, Lund, Malmö, Uppsala, Göteborg (two regulations), Mölndal and Umeå, whose 2025 regulation is the only one that spells the class out in its title. Stockholm holds the other eight regulations and is the only municipality in the country with anything above class 1.
Six of them, 0180 2019:06396 through 06406, all decided 7 January 2020 and in force from 15 January 2020, make stretches of Hornsgatan a miljözon klass 2 — petrol, ethanol and gas Euro 5, diesel Euro 6 — and that is now a record. It is the only place in Sweden where an emission zone reaches a private car, and it is one street.
The eighth is class 3 in City, and it is the reason this country produced a new kind of finding rather than a second record: the register still lists 0180 2024:03210 as in force from 31 December 2024, while the city's own page says the länsstyrelsen quashed it on 19 May 2026 and that the appeal is with Transportstyrelsen.
A register of published regulations is not a register of valid ones — the annulment is not itself a trafikföreskrift, so it never appears there. It is set aside below as annulled. Sweden's third road charge is the infrastructure charge on three bridges, which is a facility toll and is set aside below too.
Looked at and not counted as a scheme:
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 7 English cities with a Clean Air Zone, each with its class and area in square miles from Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, 35,371 pages in the council's own declared sitemap, of which 93 match low emission zone vocabulary from The City of Edinburgh Council, 5,770 pages in the council's own sitemap, of which 57 match low emission zone vocabulary — the inventory is served, the pages behind it are not from Glasgow City Council, 4,046 pages in the council's own declared sitemap, of which 11 match low emission zone vocabulary from Dundee City Council.
We still cannot read https://www.lowemissionzones.scot/ (HTTP 202 with a zero-byte body, redirecting to https://www.mygov.scot/low-emission-zones which answers the same way. Scotland's national LEZ register is the channel DEFRA itself points at for Scottish zones, and we can read neither end of it. Retried once on 2026-09-10 and unchanged.
Going round it rather than at it worked: three of the four councils publish their own schemes.); https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/article/6148/Glasgow-s-Low-Emission-Zone-LEZ (HTTP 403 with a Cloudflare interstitial: "Just a moment... Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue". The same on https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/lez and on the host's own /robots.txt (403, 5 630 bytes).
This is the odd case where the inventory is readable and the content is not — the sitemap serves 5770 URLs and names the LEZ page, so we know precisely which document we are being kept out of. Not circumvented, and it no longer blocks the record: on 2026-09-17 the same council was read in full on www.mapping.glasgow.gov.uk and on its public ArcGIS Online items.
This entry stays because the host is still closed and the street-by-street list that section 14(1)(a)(ii) of the Transport (Scotland) Act 2019 requires the scheme to contain is still only there.); https://www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/sitemap.xml (HTTP 404; robots.txt is served but declares no sitemap.
Every content path, including https://www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/services/roads-transport-and-parking/low-emission-zone, answers HTTP 404 with a client-side shell reading "You need to enable JavaScript to run this app", after redirecting to a real node id (/node/23471). Adding ?_format=json to that node answers the same shell.
This is not bot protection and not a missing page: the whole domain is a JavaScript application with no server-rendered text and no inventory to count.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
The United Kingdom is two schemes under one flag, and reading them apart is the whole finding. England: DEFRA's register counts itself — seven Clean Air Zones (Bath, Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Portsmouth, Sheffield, Tyneside) with the class and size of each. All seven are now published records, which makes England the first country in this sweep whose national register and our corpus agree exactly.
Two are Class D, the only class that charges a private car: Birmingham at GBP 8 a day, Bristol at GBP 9. Four are Class C — Bath, Bradford, Sheffield and Tyneside — and charge buses, coaches, taxis, private hire vehicles, HGVs, vans and minibuses, never a car.
Portsmouth is the odd one and DEFRA's own table says so: it is the only Class B zone in England, so it does not charge vans either, and a van driver who generalises from Portsmouth to any other English city will pay.
The five never-charges-a-car zones are the sentence a driver most needs, and one a list of published cities could never have shown; their rates for the vehicles they do charge are all different (GBP 7 to GBP 12.50 for the small classes) and none was carried across from a neighbour.
DEFRA also names two authorities that looked at charging and did not do it: Greater Manchester agreed a non-charging plan in February 2025, Leeds decided against a zone in 2020. London is separate again and already held, run by the Mayor rather than DEFRA. Scotland is a different animal and no longer a blank.
Its four Low Emission Zones do not charge at all: a vehicle below the standard is banned, and Edinburgh states there is no method to pay in advance and no mechanism for doing so.
The standards and the penalty ladder are national, set for all four cities by the Low Emission Zones (Emission Standards, Exemptions and Enforcement) (Scotland) Regulations 2021, which legislation.gov.uk serves in full — Euro 4 petrol, Euro 6 diesel, GBP 60 doubling to a GBP 480 cap for a car. Edinburgh and Dundee publish their zones fully and are now recorded.
Glasgow is now recorded too, and how it was opened is the part worth keeping: www.glasgow.gov.uk answers HTTP 403 behind a Cloudflare interstitial on every path including its own robots.txt, and for a week that was read as "the council is unreadable". It was not.
Glasgow City Council also runs an ArcGIS Online organisation whose items are public, whose service host www.mapping.glasgow.gov.uk answers HTTP 404 on robots.txt, and which serves the LEZ boundary from a folder the council named OPEN_DATA under an explicit Open Government Licence v3.0 — plus a StoryMap in the council's own words giving the extent ("bounded by the M8 motorway to the north and west, the River Clyde to the south and Saltmarket/High St to the east"), the two grace periods, the vehicle scope and the penalty ladder.
A blocked front door is a fact about one door. Glasgow's LEZ is 3.06 km², phase 1 (buses) from 31 December 2018, phase 2 enforced from 1 June 2023, residents inside the zone from 1 June 2024, motorcycles and mopeds outside the scheme, fully electric vehicles compliant.
Aberdeen remains withheld and has moved one step: the same route found Aberdeen City Council's own public feature service holding its LEZ polygon at 0.857 km², but its licence field is an empty string, so this is the Palma case — the shape is visible and there is nothing to publish it under.
Two channels were measured and closed for Scottish scheme orders: the Edinburgh Gazette carries zero notices containing "low emission zone" against 2 270 for "Glasgow City Council", so these schemes are not gazetted; and Transport Scotland, which is open and whose sitemap holds 32 non-news LEZ pages, publishes the national guidance but no council's scheme.
Scotland's own national register, lowemissionzones.scot, still answers behind a JavaScript bot wall, so this country stays open.
Found in force here, and not yet recordable:
Looked at and not counted as a scheme:
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 5 municipalities the national miljøzone service names as having one: København, Frederiksberg, Odense, Aarhus and Aalborg — all five now published from Miljøstyrelsen (Danish Environmental Protection Agency) — miljoezoner.dk, 5 municipalities the regulation names as able to extend an established miljøzone by their own decision; every other Danish municipality needs Miljøstyrelsen's permission before establishing one, and none has from Miljøministeriet — Bekendtgørelse nr. 397 af 29. marts 2022 om miljøzoner i større sammenhængende byområder, § 3, via Retsinformation, 202 instruments listed under the act, of which exactly two are about miljøzoner — BEK nr 588 af 19/06/2026 and BEK nr 397 af 29/03/2022 — and both are held from Civilstyrelsen — Retsinformation, the link group of instruments issued under miljøbeskyttelsesloven (LBK nr 1742 af 22/12/2025), 8 zone polygons in the authority's own map layer, attributed to Aalborg (five), Aarhus, Copenhagen and Odense, and none to Frederiksberg; read for attributes and extent only, because the layer states no licence from Miljøstyrelsen and Sund & Bælt — the Hosted/Miljoezoner ArcGIS feature layer behind the official map.
Denmark is the first country in this corpus where one reading produced a country and five cities at once, and it is worth being precise about why: the rule is national and the only thing that is local is the edge.
Miljøbeskyttelsesloven § 15 b states the requirement three times — for lorries and buses, for vans, for diesel cars — as something that "gælder i en miljøzone", and the technical bekendtgørelse under it, BEK nr 588 af 19/06/2026, sets the one standard that applies in every zone: a particulate filter, with Euro 5 deemed to satisfy it for a car or van and Euro VI for a lorry or bus.
So all five records carry the same emission standards, the same 1,500 and 12,500 kr. fines and the same "always" answer, and differ only in where the zone runs and whether it has a transit route. The count is bounded three ways and the three agree.
BEK nr 397 af 29/03/2022 § 3 names exactly five municipalities that may extend an established miljøzone on their own — København, Frederiksberg, Århus, Aalborg and Odense — and requires Miljøstyrelsen's permission before any other municipality establishes one at all. The national service names the same five.
And Retsinformation's own link group for miljøbeskyttelsesloven holds 202 instruments, of which exactly two are about miljøzoner: those two. Both are in force, and the ELI metadata says so as a field rather than as an inference — eli:InForce-inForce, with an empty "Senere ændringer til forskriften" group on each.
That graph is demonstrably alive rather than merely quiet: the same query against the repealed BEK nr 315 af 25/03/2025 returns BEK 588 as its later amendment, and marks it isHistorical.
One publisher contradiction is on the record rather than resolved by us: miljoezoner.dk's page for vans still cites BEK nr 315 af 25/03/2025, which its own pages for cars and for lorries have already replaced with BEK nr 588 af 19/06/2026, and which Retsinformation records as out of force since 26 June 2026. The records cite the one in force and say which. What is NOT closed here is the geometry.
The authority publishes the outlines through a public ArcGIS feature layer that will even export GeoJSON, and states no terms at all for it — copyrightText empty, licenseInfo null — so the polygons are published_unusable rather than held, and all five records warn at city level.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 16 voivodeship official journals, the only place a strefa czystego transportu resolution can be promulgated under art. 40 ust.
6; twelve answered us and four did not from Rządowe Centrum Legislacji — dziennikiurzedowe.gov.pl, the government's own directory of official journals, 215,508 acts in the journal, 2009–2026, of which exactly one matches "czystego transportu" — Warsaw's — against 237 for "czystego", 1,885 judgments and 855 repealing resolutions, with a nonsense control returning zero from Wojewoda Mazowiecki — Dziennik Urzędowy Województwa Mazowieckiego, 152,600 acts in the journal, 2005–2026, of which exactly one matches "czystego transportu" — Katowice's — with a nonsense control returning zero from Wojewoda Śląski — Dziennik Urzędowy Województwa Śląskiego, 97,788 Dziennik Ustaw items the open register holds, 1918–2026, the channel that replaced the four robots-closed national registers; a title search for elektromobiln returns 9 with a control of 0 from Rządowe Centrum Legislacji — eli.gov.pl, the Polish ELI portal.
We still cannot read https://edziennik.malopolska.uw.gov.pl/ (UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE. This is the Dziennik Urzędowy Województwa Małopolskiego — the journal Kraków's resolutions would be promulgated in — so it is the gap that matters.
TCP connects in 32 ms and TLSv1.3 completes in 200 ms against a valid Certum DV TLS G2 R39 certificate for *.malopolska.uw.gov.pl expiring 5 January 2027; the server does not send an intermediate our trust store can chain. Measured with scripts/probe-tls.mjs, whose calibration shows our egress answers even for addresses that cannot exist, so the TCP success proves nothing on its own and the completed handshake does.
Certificate verification was not disabled — the same decision as Italy, Venezuela (B-026) and Colombia (B-023). Kraków is therefore unmeasured rather than shown to have no zone.); https://edzienniki.bydgoszcz.uw.gov.pl/ (UND_ERR_CONNECT_TIMEOUT on the one request made in the sweep of all sixteen journals on 14 September 2026.
A connect timeout is not a verdict (D-097) and this one has been measured once, so Kujawsko-Pomorskie is unread rather than empty.); https://dzienniki.luw.pl/ (UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE, as does dziennik.lodzkie.eu for Łódzkie.
Neither certificate was inspected individually this cycle, so all that is recorded is that both are unreadable from here on the same symptom as Kraków's.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Poland is a national framework that hands the substance back to the councils, and the difference from Denmark is the finding. Ustawa z dnia 11 stycznia 2018 r. o elektromobilności i paliwach alternatywnych, art.
39 ust. 1, lets a gmina bar every motor vehicle from a strefa czystego transportu except electric, hydrogen and natural-gas ones — and art. 39 ust.
4 hands each council the power to write exemptions back in. That is where the emission standards live, so unlike the Danish miljøzoner the three Polish zones do not share a standard: Warsaw and Katowice ask Euro 5 or a 2009 build year of a diesel today, Szczecin asks only Euro 4 or 2005. Art.
40 ust. 6 makes the resolution akt prawa miejscowego, which is why none of it is in the Dziennik Ustaw and all of it is in the voivodeship journals.
The national registers are closed to us and say so in robots.txt — isap.sejm.gov.pl, www.sejm.gov.pl, dziennikustaw.gov.pl and monitorpolski.gov.pl all answer Disallow: / for everyone but a named allowlist, and api.sejm.gov.pl is a silent sibling of a host that refuses, so it is not used either.
None of that cost anything: eli.gov.pl, the Government Legislation Centre's ELI portal, carries the same 97,788 Dziennik Ustaw items, allows everyone, and exposes a JSON API on its own host, with an inForce field that moves between IN_FORCE and NOT_IN_FORCE. The zones were found by sweeping the sixteen voivodeship journals from the RCL's own directory.
Twelve answered and nine of those returned zero for "czystego transportu" with a control query proving the search was live; three returned one each — Warsaw (Dz. Urz. Woj.
Mazowieckiego 2023 poz. 14557), Katowice (Dz. Urz.
Woj. Śląskiego 2026 poz. 2911) and Szczecin (Dz.
Urz. Woj. Zachodniopomorskiego 2026 poz.
1472). All three are published. The in-force question was the hard one, because Warsaw's zone was reported as adopted, annulled by a court and re-adopted, and a register holds published acts rather than valid ones.
It was settled by the publisher's own status field rather than by argument: counted over whole volumes it takes four values, and one of them is stwierdzono nieważność aktu — Śląskie's 2026 volume carries 174 of those in the same volume as the Katowice resolution. All three zones read obowiązujący, and each record now watches that endpoint for the word, so a future annulment withdraws the page automatically.
Two neighbouring fields were measured and rejected: HasExpired is false for 500 of 500 acts sampled including 855 repealing resolutions, and the single-act InForce is 0 with .NET sentinel dates — both unpopulated rather than negative. The fine is national and is not in the electromobility act at all (zero hits for grzywn across 160,929 characters of it, on a search proven live on the same text); it is art.
96c of the Kodeks wykroczeń, up to 500 zloty. What is NOT closed here is four of the sixteen journals, and one of them matters: Kraków's voivodeship journal, edziennik.malopolska.uw.gov.pl, completes TLS with a valid Certum certificate whose chain our trust store cannot build, and we do not turn certificate verification off. Kraków is therefore unmeasured, not absent.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 422 subject tags from Ethniko Typografeio (National Printing House) - subject tag vocabulary behind the FEK smart search, 47 categories from Ethniko Typografeio (National Printing House) - legislation catalogue categories, 67 gazette issues matching «μέτρα περιορισμού κυκλοφορίας οχημάτων», each with the deterministic blob URL of its PDF from Εθνικό Τυπογραφείο (National Printing House) — the free-text search that the 2026-09-14 entry recorded as ignored, re-measured with the correct field name searchText and run through scripts/fek-search.mjs.
We still cannot read https://diavgeia.gov.gr/decision/view (robots.txt disallows /decision/view, /doc/*, /luminapi/api/decisions/* and /f/all/ada/* by name (read 2026-09-14, unchanged 2026-09-21)); https://www.patt.gov.gr/ (HTTP 418 to robots.txt AND to the home page — the Region of Attica's own site, and the publisher of the Athens daktylios. www.attica.gov.gr, recorded on 2026-09-14, answers HTTP 200 with a zero-byte body and has no sitemap (read 2026-09-21)); https://www.astynomia.gr/?s= (HTTP 403 on any query string, while the site root serves 565,345 b and the sitemap HTTP 200 (read 2026-09-14).
On 2026-09-21 the host answered 403 behind Akamai, as did www.gov.gr; www.cityofathens.gr answers behind Cloudflare); https://ia37rg02wpsa01.blob.core.windows.net/fek/02/1997/19970200684.pdf (ΦΕΚ Β' 684/1997, the joint ministerial decision on the Εμπορικό Τρίγωνο of Athens, which the Attica decision in force points at for supply inside that block: 717,265 bytes and ZERO characters of extractable text — a scan.
We do not OCR. Its readable 2023 amendment, Β' 452/2023, deletes two paragraphs and restates no rule (read 2026-09-14, unchanged 2026-09-21)), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Greece is now open, and the sentence this entry carried for a week was wrong in the one place it mattered. On 2026-09-14 this sweep recorded that the National Printing House 'smart search' ignores its searchText field, because a real word and the nonsense string 'zzzzzzzz' both returned 5,000 rows scored 0. They did — but what was being measured was the enumeration endpoint, not the search.
The field is named searchText and only searchText; ten other spellings (text, query, q, keywords, search, term, freeText, value, Keyword) all answer HTTP 200 with an empty result list, which looks exactly like 'no such law' and is how the earlier reading was reached.
Authenticated with a hit we already knew existed, the same API answers free text properly: 'μέτρα περιορισμού κυκλοφορίας οχημάτων' returns 67 issues of the gazette, each with the deterministic blob URL of its PDF, and scripts/fek-search.mjs now does that in one command. So the register does answer the question, and the answer is that Greece's best-known restriction is NOT currently in force and a less famous one is.
The Athens daktylios exists and is seasonal: ΦΕΚ Β' 5565/2025 gives the ring street by street, the odd/even plate rule, Monday–Thursday 07:00–20:00 and Friday 07:00–15:00, and the forty-day grace for foreign-registered and visitor-hired cars — for the period 2025-10-20 to 2026-07-24 only, and the 2026–2027 decision has not been published (the last five appeared 2022-10-05, 2023-10-13, 2024-10-10 and 2025-10-17, so mid-October is when to look).
What IS in force without an end date is the Attica Region's freight instrument: decision 177/14.12.2022 (Β' 7084), which sets supply and circulation hours for goods vehicles in Athens, Piraeus and five other municipalities, states that it runs 'until a newer decision is issued', and has been supplemented twice in 2025 without being replaced. Athens is published from it; Piraeus is read, sourced and not yet written.
Two Greek instruments remain unreadable rather than unfound: the Εμπορικό Τρίγωνο decision of 1997 (Β' 684/1997) is a 717,265-byte scan with zero extractable characters, and its readable 2023 amendment only deletes two paragraphs.
The channels around the gazette are still shut, and for more reasons than before: diavgeia.gov.gr disallows the decision pages, the document files and its own decisions API by name; www.patt.gov.gr, the Region of Attica's own site and the daktylios publisher, answers HTTP 418 to robots.txt and to its home page; www.gov.gr and www.astynomia.gr answer 403 behind Akamai; www.cityofathens.gr sits behind Cloudflare; and www.yme.gov.gr, the transport ministry, publishes 'Disallow: /' for everyone, which is a lawful refusal rather than a blocker.
On 2026-09-21 the Attica freight instrument was read case by case rather than summarised, and it does NOT contain one rule repeated eight times. Four more municipalities were written from it and two of them are published: Ilioupoli (case 4) runs 19:00–07:00 with a two-tonne gross ceiling the rest of the day, and Dafni-Ymittos (case 6) the same clock.
Galatsi (case 5) opens an hour later, at 20:00, which is the longest closed span of the four; and Irakleio Attikis (case 8, added by the second supplement Β' 4016/2025 at its own council's request) runs 19:00–07:00 and carries an instruction none of the other seven has — that the hours on the town's existing loading-bay signs be adjusted to match it.
The difference that a summary loses is the exemption: cases 4 and 8 exempt shops with their own loading and unloading space from the timetable, and cases 5 and 6 contain no such sentence at all.
Cases 4, 5 and 6 are also written for «τα καταστήματα (super markets) της πόλης» where Athens and case 8 use the full «επιχειρήσεων, υπεραγορών και λοιπών καταστημάτων»; part I's own heading is the broader phrase, the decision does not resolve the tension and neither do we.
All four use gross weight, like Athens and unlike Piraeus, whose 1.5 tonnes is useful load. 🚫 Galatsi and Irakleio Attikis are written, sourced and watched but NOT published, and the reason is the anchor rather than the rule: from about 19:20 UTC on 2026-09-21 every Overpass endpoint reachable from this workspace refused us, so the containment check D-198 requires could not be run for those two coordinates. overpass-api.de answered ECONNRESET to all 35 consecutive attempts of a paced runner between 19:20 and 19:54 UTC — 70 queries, zero HTTP 200 — by POST, by GET, through curl and through node; overpass.kumi.systems and overpass.private.coffee failed at socket level; and overpass.osm.ch answered HTTP 200 with an EMPTY element list, which is a Swiss extract answering about Greece and not a finding — the D-233 shape, met this time in the choice of a fallback.
Greece therefore stands at four published cities and two held. The daktylios is unchanged and still expired; mid-October remains when to look.
Found in force here, and not yet recordable:
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 112 ordinances charging for a permit to drive into places closed by traffic sign, of which 44 were in force on 2026-09-15 from Ministerstvo vnitra ČR — Sbírka právních předpisů územních samosprávných celků a některých správních úřadů, 104 subject areas a Czech municipal act can be filed under, none of them a low emission zone from Ministerstvo vnitra ČR — SPP, the subject dictionary of the advanced search form, 137 statutory provisions a Czech municipal act can be made under; the Air Protection Act appears three times — § 10(4), § 16(5), § 17(5) — and never at § 14 (the zone, made by opatření obecné povahy and so not filable here) nor at § 14a (the charge, which would be filable and has never been filed) from Ministerstvo vnitra ČR — SPP, the statutory-empowerment dictionary of the advanced search form, 92 regulations of the City of Prague, all read by title, none of them a driving restriction from Hlavní město Praha, as deposited in the national register, 1,049 acts of the City of Prague, searchable by the publisher’s own full-text filter.
Zero match vjezd, nákladní, emisní, nízkoemisní, tranzit or Euro; the controls on the same instrument are ovzduší 12, vozidel 13, omezení 12, stání 8 and zákaz 5. The index keeps diacritics, so an unaccented needle returns a false zero from Hlavní město Praha — the city’s own register of vyhlášky a nařízení, 408 datasets from 23 city organisations.
Zero match vjezd, nákladní, emisní, značení, tranzit or Euro, against controls of 23 for doprava and 2 for zóna from Hlavní město Praha — the city’s open data catalogue, named by praha.eu/opendata, 322 URLs across nine sitemaps and six content types, the publisher's own complete declared inventory.
Zero match vjezd, nákladní, tranzit, Euro or stanoven, against controls of 31 for oprav, 21 for doprav, 18 for parkov, 14 for most, 10 for komunikac and 5 for tunel. The two matching emis are parking privileges for low- and zero-emission vehicles, not entry restrictions. Limit worth stating: this is a Yoast sitemap, so it enumerates what the publisher chose to declare from Technická správa komunikací hl. m.
Prahy (TSK Praha) — the road administrator's own site, named by praha.eu under Městské organizace.
Czechia answers from one register and answers precisely. The Sbírka právních předpisů územních samosprávných celků (sbirkapp.gov.cz), run by the Ministry of the Interior since 2022, holds every municipal ordinance and regulation in the country and states how many it is returning each time it is asked, so both halves of the Czech answer are countable.
There is no Czech low emission zone made by ordinance: a title search across the whole register returns zero for "emisn" and zero for "nízkoemisn", against 107 for "vjezd" and 4,029 for the control phrase "o nočním klidu", and the register's 137-entry dictionary of statutory empowerments cites the Air Protection Act 201/2012 Sb. three times — § 10(4) with 10 acts filed under it, § 16(5) with 241 and § 17(5) with 19 — and never § 14 or § 14a.
Cycle 67 read § 14 at the ministry's ELI endpoint and found that the zero cannot mean what it appears to: a zone is made by opatření obecné povahy, an instrument this register does not hold at all. The half the register can settle is § 14a's charge, and there is none.
What Czech towns do instead is charge for the permit that gets a motor vehicle past the no-entry sign into a historic centre or a spa quarter: 112 ordinances under that subject heading, 44 of them in force.
Thirteen are published: four from cycle 66, two from cycle 67, three from cycle 68, three from cycle 69 and one from cycle 70 — Poděbrady, whose six charged places include the spa colonnade and both Elbe embankments and whose tariff runs from 100 Kč a day to 3,200 Kč a year; Janské Lázně, the only one that prices the day by weight at 50 Kč for a car and 150 Kč above 3.5 tonnes; and Pec pod Sněžkou, which is not a zone at all but six mountain roads climbing into the inner protection zone of the Krkonoše National Park, each anchored to a landmark because above the valley floor there are no street names.
Český Krumlov charges 100 Kč a started day for its pedestrian zone; Karlovy Vary 100 Kč for a spa quarter it draws street by street, with battery-electric vehicles released from the permit entirely; Mariánské Lázně 50 Kč for eleven named streets behind an IZ 8a sign carrying the B11 no-entry symbol, with zero-emission vehicles exempt; and Znojmo 100 Kč for vehicles over 3.5 tonnes only, across forty-three streets of the old town.
None of the four states an hour, because none of the ordinances does — the ban lives on the traffic sign and the ordinance prices the permit. Three towns were read and not published, and the reasons are all different.
Kladno defines its charged places only as "determined in annex 1", and the annex is a 493 kB JPEG inside the ordinance file — the fee is legible and the area is a picture, so the town is withheld rather than described. Bruntál is entirely legible and charges 20 Kč a day, but its one charged place is a forest track to a church in the Karlovec district, which is a real charge and not a town restriction.
Chodov is the third and the sharpest: its ordinance č. 11/2023 originally defined the charged places by the traffic sign alone, naming the IZ 6a pedestrian-zone sign with a permission sub-plate and listing nothing, and then č. 1/2024 rewrote that article to add "Vybraná místa jsou graficky vymezena v příloze č.
1" — the selected places are graphically delimited in annex 1. That annex was never filed. Neither act's file carries an embedded image (18 zip entries each, none media) and the register lists exactly one document against each, where Janské Lázně shows the same register filing an annex as a separate PDF when a town supplies one.
So the ordinance in force asserts a drawing its publisher did not deposit, and with the sign clause carrying no street, square or district, there is no charged place to state at all.
Cycle 68 then closed the low-emission question from the other end. § 14(6) requires a municipality that establishes a zone to send the measure to the Ministry of the Environment within a month, and the state service catalogue registers the ministry’s duty to publish the resulting list as agenda A1126, in force since 29 May 2021.
That list is a page on mzp.gov.cz — a host whose robots.txt allows every content path and whose sitemap enumerates 1,623 URLs — and it states that no municipality in the country has established a low emission zone, adding that the national vehicle-checking system has never been switched on because there is nothing to check against.
The Czech negative is therefore the receiving ministry’s own statement rather than an inference from a register that could not have held the instrument. The same page names the one exception, and it is the Prague restriction cycle 66 looked for and did not find. Cycle 69 then asked the two Prague channels that are not forbidden, and both answer nothing with a control behind them.
The city’s own register of vyhlášky a nařízení holds 1,049 acts and returns zero for vjezd, nákladní, emisní, nízkoemisní, tranzit and Euro, against 12 for ovzduší, 13 for vozidel, 12 for omezení, 8 for stání and 5 for zákaz; its two hits for emis are air-quality programmes from 2006 and 2010.
The city’s open data catalogue holds 408 datasets and returns zero for vjezd, nákladní, emisní, značení, tranzit and Euro, against 23 for doprava and 2 for zóna. And the city’s 25 sitemaps enumerate 67,796 URLs, of which the 44 containing vjezd are all press releases or unrelated services.
That is what the ministry’s own sentence predicts: this is not a § 14 zone and therefore not an ordinance, so neither a legislation register nor an open data catalogue is where it would be. The instrument left is the road authority’s, and cycle 70 measured it.
TSK Praha is open — robots.txt is 397 bytes in three User-agent: * groups that together bar only /wp/wp-admin/ and /app/uploads/wpforms/, no content path — and its sitemap index enumerates 322 URLs across nine sitemaps and six content types. Zero of them contain vjezd, nákladní, tranzit, Euro or stanoven, against controls of 31 for oprav, 21 for doprav, 18 for parkov, 14 for most, 10 for komunikac and 5 for tunel.
The two that contain emis are the trap: both are about parking privileges for low- and zero-emission vehicles from 1 January 2026, not about entry. The road authority named as the issuer therefore publishes no register of its own measures and no page about this restriction, which exhausts every channel either the ministry or the city names.
Cycle 69 also published three more towns — Rokytnice nad Jizerou, whose five charged places are colours rather than streets and whose calendar week costs the same 50 Kč as a single day; Polička, the flattest Czech scheme here at 20 Kč a day with no flat rate of any kind above it; and Boskovice, which charges a film-set theme park and its forest alongside a market square, grades its monthly and yearly permits by weight, and hands the exact extent of three of its four places to the traffic sign — which took Czechia to twelve.
Cycle 70 added Doksy, the lake town, and it is the first Czech record in which not one charged place is a street: all five are recreation ground around Máchovo jezero — the lake compounds with their beaches and the Yacht club, the holiday facilities below Borný, the cottage area from Bílý kámen to the Jordán brook, the holiday compound below Štědrá hill, and the tennis courts in Doksy and Staré Splavy.
Its tariff is the first here to price a weekend: 50 Kč a started day, then a flat 100 Kč from Friday to Sunday, 200 Kč a calendar week and 1,000 Kč a calendar year, with no monthly rate at all. That takes Czechia to thirteen.
Found in force here, and not yet recordable:
Looked at and not counted as a scheme:
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 88 subject pages, each listing the full chain of the city's instruments on that subject with superseded members marked.
Two are the subject here: Prometna ureditev and Območja za pešce from Mestna občina Ljubljana — Register predpisov, the city's own register of its regulations, 22,716 URLs across 23 sitemap files, the publisher's own declared inventory. 18 match the pedestrian-area terms and only one of those is a rule page; 17 match dovolilnic and all 17 are parking permits.
The extent of the območja za pešce is published nowhere in it from Mestna občina Ljubljana — the city's own sitemap index, 22 sitemap files of pregledPredpisa URLs. The identifiers are state-level instrument types only (ZAKO, PRAV, URED, NAVO, SKLE, ODRE, ODLO, ODLU, USTZ, AKT), so this is not a register of municipal legislation in the Czech sense.
From 1 March 2026 it is also where the Uradni list series continues from PISRS — Pravno informacijski sistem Republike Slovenije, the national legal information system.
Slovenia opens on the city rather than on the state, and the useful register turned out to be the municipality's own.
Uradni list Republike Slovenije is the national gazette and it carries municipal acts alongside state ones — its own description says so, "vsi uradni predpisi, odloki, uredbe in drugi pomembni dokumenti državnih organov ter lokalnih skupnosti" — and its robots.txt is 38 bytes disallowing one PDF path, so it is open.
What it is not is searchable by subject from outside: the site offers per-issue indexes, not a topic register, and asking it which Slovenian municipality restricts traffic would mean reading every issue.
PISRS, the national legal information system, is open too (Allow: / with only /iskanje disallowed) and its sitemap index enumerates 22 files of pregledPredpisa URLs whose identifiers are all state-level types — ZAKO, PRAV, URED, NAVO, SKLE, ODRE, ODLO — so it is not the Czech shape of D-107 either: there is no national register of municipal legislation here. The channel that works is the one the city keeps itself.
Mestna občina Ljubljana publishes a Register predpisov under its information-of-public-character section, split into 88 subject pages, and two of them are exactly the subject: Prometna ureditev and Območja za pešce.
Each lists the whole chain for its instruments, in order, with the superseded members marked "prenehanje veljave" and every gazette issue linked — which is the validity field, the amendment chain and the text channel in one page. Read that way, Ljubljana's traffic ordinance resolves cleanly: Odlok o urejanju prometa v Mestni občini Ljubljana (Uradni list RS, št.
8/17) is in force, amended eight times — 14/2019, 16/21, 184/21, 137/22, 61/23, 109/23, 37/2025 and 102/2025 — and the predecessor Odlok o cestnoprometni ureditvi (122/07) and its six amendments are all marked as ceased. Reading all eight amendments rather than only the newest is what this cycle actually cost, and it changed three facts: 16/21 deleted a paragraph of 30.
člen and renumbered the rest, so the delivery-time provision moved; 109/23 created a third kind of pedestrian area, the neighbourhood one, and gave it a shorter delivery window; and 102/2025 replaced 24. and 31. člen outright and inserted the new restriction published here.
That new one is 3.a člen, in force since 1 January 2026: general motor traffic prohibited on Slovenska cesta between the junction with Šubičeva ulica and the junction with Gosposvetska cesta, except for vehicles named in the road's own traffic-regulation act and vehicles with a permit, which the city issues only to the owner or user of a parking space on the section and to deliverers serving an address on it.
Entry is free, the delivery places cost 50 euros a year or 5 euros for a single use, and driving in without a permit costs an individual 160 euros. The same ordinance carries two larger restrictions, and on 2026-09-17 one of them moved. 3.
člen bars goods vehicles over 3.5 tonnes, working machines, working vehicles and tractors from cona 1, and 2. člen defines cona 1, 2 and 3 only as areas "ki jih oklepajo ulice in ceste, kot izhaja iz grafičnega prikaza", enclosed by streets shown in a graphic annex, naming not one of those streets — which is why it was withheld on 2026-09-15 with a ZDIJZ request named as the only route left.
That was wrong, and the correction is worth stating because of how cheap it was: the graphic annex is published. The gazette serves it as a file attachment to the act, the 16/2021 amendment substituted it with a sheet drawn in October 2020 at 1:70,000, and the city shows the identical sheet on its own residents' parking page under "Shema parkirnih con".
The 2026-09-15 negative that said otherwise had measured the parent page /mirujoci-promet, where "cona" appears zero times; the sub-page /mirujoci-promet/letne-dovolilnice-za-parkiranje-stanovalcev carries CONA 1, CONA 2 and CONA 3 and the scheme image itself — a controlled zero measured one level too high (D-159). The act also ties its own zone to that legend, in the 11.
člen tariff class "U-1 (parkirna cona 1 območje cone 1)", and the 16/2021 amendment names the ten parking districts cona 1 is made of.
So cona 1 is published here, with its boundary unheld rather than its extent unknown: the drawing is a drawing, and the city's own vector of it, the ip_parkirna_cona layer in Urbinfo, sits under a footer reading "Vse pravice pridržane" and "Prikazani podatki so informativnega značaja in niso uradni". 29. to 35.
člen close the območja za pešce to motor vehicles altogether, with deliveries 06:00 to 10:00 or 06:00 to 08:00 in the neighbourhood areas, movable bollards raised by an electronic card, and taxi access limited to four environmentally friendly vehicles chosen by public tender — but the areas themselves are designated by a separate instrument, and the city's own register shows that instrument leaving the gazette: four successive Odredbe o določitvi območij za pešce (55/09, 110/13, 32/15 and 9/18) are each marked as ceased, and what stands in their place is an "Interni akt o določitvi območij za pešce, št.
371-1802/2025-1", listed by number with no link. The extent of Ljubljana's pedestrian zone is therefore no longer published in the national gazette at all.
The city's own site does not publish it either, and that is a count rather than an impression: www.ljubljana.si is open (robots.txt disallows only /admin/), its sitemap index enumerates 22,716 URLs across 23 files, and a search of that inventory returns 18 matches for the pedestrian-area terms of which exactly one is a rule page — the register page that names the internal act without linking it — and 17 matches for dovolilnic, every one of them about parking permits.
One thing about the channel needs recording for whoever comes next: the gazette is moving. Every Uradni list page read for this record carries the banner "Izdaje uradnega lista, izdane po 28.2.2026, so dostopne na PISRS" — issues published after 28 February 2026 are on PISRS — and uradni-list.si's own issue list for 2026 stops at number 17.
Anything that amends this ordinance from March 2026 onward will be on PISRS, not here.
Found in force here, and not yet recordable:
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 3,763 URLs across two sitemap files, the publisher's own declared inventory. Ten of them are the HGV scheme; four are the cordon and traffic pages behind this record.
Unlike mestochodov.cz's 117 CMS section pages, this one enumerates leaf pages, so a zero in it is a denominator rather than an impression from Dublin City Council — the council's own sitemap index, 20 bye-laws, each with its own page. The nearest to traffic are Parking Control 2024, Special Speed Limit 2020, Control of Street Delivery Hub 2018 and the East Link Bye-Laws 2021.
None is about heavy goods vehicles, which is how we know the HGV cordon is not a bye-law and there is no bye-law text to go looking for from Dublin City Council — Local Bye-Laws, the council's own register of the instruments it makes as bye-laws.
Ireland is the first country in this corpus opened without opening a legal register at all, and the first whose published restriction has nothing to do with emissions. The four standing questions were asked in order and the first three came back negative.
There is no national register of municipal legislation: www.irishstatutebook.ie serves no robots.txt — HTTP 404, which under RFC 9309 means everything is permitted — and what it holds is Acts of the Oireachtas and Statutory Instruments, the state's own law. Irish local traffic restrictions are not made as Statutory Instruments.
Nor are they, as it turns out, made as bye-laws: Dublin City Council keeps a register of its own local bye-laws, it is the publisher's own list and it is countable, and there are twenty of them — parking control 2024, special speed limit 2020, street delivery hub 2018, stationless bicycle hire 2017, casual trading, horses, skips, dogs, litter, parks, the East Link bridge and the rest — and not one of them is about heavy goods vehicles.
The answer came from the fourth question, the Slovenian one: does the city publish its own subject pages? Dublin City Council's sitemap is a real inventory of 3,763 URLs across two files, and ten of them are the scheme — a whole section, Transporting Heavy Goods in Dublin City, with the strategy FAQs, the permit application, premises registration, the Sandymount cordon and a checker app.
What it describes is a lorry cordon nineteen years old.
The HGV Management Strategy came into operation on 19 February 2007, and since then a vehicle with five or more axles may not drive inside two cordon areas without a permit: one the council describes as roughly bounded by the canals, restricted 07:00 to 19:00 Monday to Sunday, and one around Sandymount including Strand Road, restricted round the clock since 1 March 2022.
The test is the axle count and nothing else; the council's own FAQ says so when asked whether all vehicles are affected. A Load/Unload permit is 10 euros a day for at most five stops and is issued only against a premises inside the cordon that has registered and filed a mitigation plan; a Restricted Goods permit is free and confines the vehicle to the East Wall Road and the Alfie Byrne Road.
An Garda Síochána enforce it against the permit database rather than a camera, and a breach is a 200 euro fixed charge notice. Two channels were measured and are not available, and both should be recorded rather than retried blind.
The permit scheme's own site www.hgv.ie is unmeasurable from this network — TCP appears to open in 32 ms but the TLS handshake fails with ECONNRESET after 12 seconds, and the calibration probe shows our own egress answering for addresses that cannot exist, so nothing about that host has been measured at all; the live portal has in any case moved to hgv.dublincity.ie, which serves no robots.txt (HTTP 404) and does render.
And data.gov.ie, the national open data portal, returned HTTP 429 Too Many Requests for its robots.txt on two separate attempts, so it was not crawled: with no robots.txt read, nothing under it may be fetched. Both leave Ireland in_progress rather than swept, and neither blocks the record published here, every fact of which comes from the road authority's own pages.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 1,901 controlled subject terms, each with the publisher's own count of statutes carrying it.
Two contain vyöhyke and both are Rajavyöhyke (2) and Talousvyöhyke (1); no environmental or emission zone term exists in the vocabulary at all from Finlex — Asiasanat, the publisher's own subject thesaurus over the consolidated Finnish statute book, 110,628 URLs across 36 files, and a warning rather than a denominator: they are static pages, Chancellor of Justice decisions and legal-literature references.
The statutes are not in it, so a zero-match search over this inventory bounds nothing about Finnish legislation from Finlex — the site's own sitemap index.
Finland was measured and set aside with a reason, and the measurement is worth more than the outcome. The host is open — www.finlex.fi/robots.txt is 81 bytes disallowing only /_next/image and declaring a sitemap, and data.finlex.fi serves the same file — but the sitemap is the trap.
It resolves to 36 files and 110,628 URLs, which looks like the strongest denominator in this sweep, and it enumerates static pages, Chancellor of Justice decisions and legal-literature references and not one statute. A keyword search over it therefore returns zero for every traffic term and means nothing at all: Finlex publishes its legislation under numeric identifiers the sitemap never lists.
What Finlex does publish, and what answered, is a controlled vocabulary. The Asiasanasto is the publisher's own subject thesaurus over the consolidated statute book, served in full in the page's own HTML with a count of statutes beside each term, and it holds 1,901 terms — a real denominator, with a positive control that passes (Riistanhoitomaksu, 1).
Searched for zone terms it returns two, and neither is a traffic zone: Rajavyöhyke, the border zone, with 2 statutes, and Talousvyöhyke, the exclusive economic zone, with 1. There is no ympäristövyöhyke and no päästövyöhyke. The nearest emission term in the whole vocabulary is Päästökauppa, emissions trading, with 9.
Traffic itself is well covered — Tieliikenne 42, Ajoneuvo 42, Liikenne 10, Kaupunkiliikenne 2, Liikennemerkki 3 — so the absence is not the vocabulary being thin.
Read against a 1,901-term index that names emissions trading and the border zone, Finnish national law simply has no environmental-zone concept, which also means there is no national framework of the Danish or Polish kind to read once and apply to several cities.
One limit of the channel is recorded so the next cycle does not rediscover it: the thesaurus index page is server-rendered and complete, but each term's result list is loaded client-side, so /fi/lainsaadanto/asiasanat/1220 returns a page with no statute links in its HTML. Anything further in Finland is municipal, city by city, and no Finnish city was opened in this cycle.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 980 hits for the positive control ovzdušie, faceted across the 23 collections the portal indexes.
The same index returns 0 for 'zoznam nízkoemisných zón', 0 for 'zriadené nízkoemisné zóny', 0 documents for 'nízkoemisná' and 0 for a blind negative, and it is diacritic-insensitive (nizkoemisna and nízkoemisná both return 5) from Enviroportál — the environmental web portal that act 146/2023 § 2(1)(u) names and § 13(4)(d) obliges to publish the register of established low-emission zones, searched through its own Hydra JSON-LD API, 14 pages in the section menu.
One of them is Zoznam zariadení, a statutory list published in exactly the shape the zone list should take; there is no list of low-emission zones from Enviroportál — the publisher's own Ovzdušie section menu, the section where the statutory register would sit, 14,127 URLs of real content — EIA notices, news and section pages. nizkoemis and nízkoemis match none; zona and zóna match 42, all residential, commercial or wind-energy developments and national-park zonation from Ministerstvo životného prostredia SR — the ministry's own declared sitemap, 5 URLs in the branch, every one about measurement methods or accredited persons from Ministerstvo životného prostredia SR — the registre-zoznamy branch of its air-protection section, where the ministry collects the registers and lists it does publish, 5,433 URLs, with working positive controls: 356 match vzn and 137 match doprav or parkov.
Nothing in it matches nizkoemis, nízkoemis or emisn from Hlavné mesto SR Bratislava — the city's own sitemap, 7 pages: property tax, accommodation tax, tax on use of public space, digital payment, gambling and the municipal waste fee.
The historic-centre entry tax of act 582/2004 §§ 60-66 is not among them — which cycle 74 established is a true negative about the Capital City and not about the city: the tax is levied by the borough, Bratislava-Staré Mesto, on its own register from Hlavné mesto SR Bratislava — the Dane a poplatky section, where the city lists the local taxes it actually levies, 43 pages covering parking, cycling, shared mobility, road maintenance and transport projects.
None is a low-emission zone or an access restriction from Hlavné mesto SR Bratislava — the Doprava a komunikácie section, 4 ordinances in the historic-centre entry-tax chain, each with its own register entry and status field: VZN 8/2023, VZN 5/2024 (Zrušené), VZN 1/2025 (Zrušené) and VZN 4/2025 (Platné, in force from 1 January 2026).
The register itself is server-rendered but paginates through JavaScript and publishes no total, so 4 is a count of this chain and not of the register; the register's status field is the D-100 shape and demonstrably moves, since two of these four read Zrušené from Mestská časť Bratislava-Staré Mesto — the borough's own register of generally binding ordinances, searched for the entry tax.
This is the channel cycle 73 concluded did not exist because the borough serves no sitemap, 25 categories of the document register, each at /zverejnovanie/<id>/<slug>. Three of them are where a heavy-vehicle permission would sit and all three were opened from Mestská časť Bratislava-Staré Mesto — the borough's own HTML sitemap, which is where the register's categories are enumerable.
This is the channel cycle 73 concluded did not exist because /sitemap.xml is HTTP 404; /sitemap is not, 14 documents across the three categories — 1420 Vjazd a parkovanie v pešej zóne 2, 1422 Doprava a komunikácie 2, 1424 Zvláštne využívanie pozemných komunikácií 10 — every one of them a blank application form and none of them a permission.
Two name what a permission would have to contain: the weight field F1 of the registration document, and proof of payment of the správny poplatok from Mestská časť Bratislava-Staré Mesto — the three register categories that would hold a heavy-vehicle permission, read on 2026-09-17, 356 ordinances, all 356 read and all 356 carrying a title and a subject category.
Seven categories, none of them transport: Územné plánovanie 72, Poriadok a čistota 58, Pomenovanie ulíc 57, Dane a poplatky 54, Ostatné 41, Sociálna pomoc a školstvo 39, Hospodárenie 35.
Against the titles nízkoemis, emisn, pešia/pešej zóna, historick, hmotnos and 3,5 all return 0, with positive controls dočasnom parkovaní 8, taxislužby 5, ovzduš 6 and a blind negative 0 from Hlavné mesto SR Bratislava — the complete title index of the Capital City's own ordinances, built one page at a time from the 356 /vzn/ URLs its sitemap declares, because the register's index loads titles from /api/ and robots.txt disallows it.
We still cannot read https://bratislavask.s3.bratislava.sk/upload/ (robots.txt HTTP 200, 26 bytes, User-agent: * and Disallow: /.
This is the host that actually serves every document bratislava.sk links from its transport-permits page — the CSO application forms, the Capital City's own Sadzobník správnych poplatkov and the Zápisnice o určení dopravného značenia, which are the acts that determine the signs carrying the over-3.5-tonne prohibition.
The links are published on cdn-api.bratislava.sk, which serves no robots.txt (HTTP 403 from the object store, no file), and every one of them is HTTP 301 to this host. We do not step over it, so the hours of the historic-core restriction stay unsourced.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Slovakia has the complete national framework this sweep looks for, a statutory duty to publish the register that would list the cities using it, and no such register anywhere — and every part of that was counted rather than inferred.
The channel opened first and cleanly: www.slov-lex.sk/robots.txt is 202 bytes reading `Disallow:` with nothing after it, and declares three sitemaps on static.slov-lex.sk, whose own robots.txt is HTTP 404.
The www portal renders nothing without JavaScript, but it says so in its own markup and offers a static twin, and the twin is the useful thing: static.slov-lex.sk/static/SK/ZZ/<year>/<number>/ serves a server-side history table giving every consolidated version of an act with its effective-from date, its effective-to date and the act that amended it.
That is the D-100 shape — a validity field that moves — and it moves into the future here: act 146/2023 has nine versions, the one in force runs 1 April 2025 to 31 December 2026, and versions dated 1 January 2027 and 1 January 2030 are already published. The first of the six questions is a negative, though, and it matters: slov-lex is not a municipal register.
Its third sitemap, SK/OP, resolves to the chronologicky-register-opatreni — ministerial measures, not ordinances — so Slovak VZN are not nationally collected, and Slovakia is a pisrs.si rather than a zakonyprolidi.cz. What the statute book does carry is two separate national frameworks, both read in the text in force.
Act 146/2023 Z. z. o ochrane ovzdušia § 11 is a low-emission-zone framework of the Polish kind, complete down to the details a record needs: a municipality may establish a nízkoemisná zóna over its territory or a defined part of it, entry is then limited to electric and hydrogen vehicles bearing emission plaques, to vehicles of a specified emission class or higher bearing the matching plaque, to the vehicles in Annex 2 Part One unconditionally, to vehicles whose operator resides in the zone and which were acquired before it was established, and to Annex 2 Part Two vehicles holding a temporary or permanent city permit displayed at the front of the vehicle.
It may only be established with the consent of the road administrative authority, it is established by VZN, and the VZN must set the streets, the minimum emission class, the permit and application templates, any special smog-situation conditions, and a commencement date no earlier than nine months after public notice.
The zone is marked by traffic signs. § 11(9) then allows a municipality that has established one to propose charging for entry, which travels district office to ministry to government for approval.
The second framework is older and is a charge outright: act 582/2004 Z. z. o miestnych daniach, Part Eight, §§ 60 to 66 — daň za vjazd a zotrvanie motorového vozidla v historickej časti mesta, a tax on driving into and staying in the historic part of a city, charged in euros per vehicle per started day or as a flat sum per entry, with § 66 requiring the municipality's VZN to define the historic part itself and the rate.
Read in the version in force since 1 September 2026.
So the question is which Slovak cities use either, and the law names the place the answer should be. § 13(4)(d) of 146/2023 obliges the organisation running the environmental web portal to publish a zoznam zriadených nízkoemisných zón including links to the municipal ordinances that established them, and § 2(1)(u) defines that portal as the information portal of the Ministry of the Environment's sector. www.enviroportal.sk gives its own og:title as 'ENVIROPORTÁL Informačný portál rezortu MŽP SR', the statutory phrase word for word, so the identification is the publisher's and not ours; its robots.txt is HTTP 404.
Its HTML is a React shell, but the response advertises a Hydra JSON-LD API, and /api/searches answers with a faceted count across all 23 collections the portal indexes plus a total — a denominator, not a grep. It is diacritic-insensitive, which was checked rather than assumed: nizkoemisna and nízkoemisná both return 5. The positive control ovzdušie returns 980 and a blind negative returns 0.
Against that, 'zoznam nízkoemisných zón' returns 0, 'zriadené nízkoemisné zóny' returns 0, and the Dokumenty facet for nízkoemisná is 0.
The five hits for nízkoemisná are an indicator on low-emission transport, two news items, an EIA notice and a 2018 state-of-the-environment chapter; the one portal page that mentions low-emission zones was opened, and /ovzdusie/stav mentions them in a list of things a city could do, not as a register.
The portal's own Ovzdušie menu is 14 pages and contains Zoznam zariadení, a statutory list of installations published in exactly the shape the zone list should take — so the absence is not the portal declining to publish registers.
The ministry itself is the other half of the duty, publishing information about low-emission zones under § 34, and www.minzp.sk declares a sitemap of 14,127 URLs of real content; nizkoemis and nízkoemis match none of them, while zona and zóna match 42, every one of which is a residential, commercial or wind-energy development or national-park zonation.
The ministry's own registre-zoznamy branch under air protection is five pages, all about measurement and accredited persons. Bratislava was then asked directly, on its own inventories, and answered both frameworks in the negative. Its robots.txt disallows /api/, so the API was not used; its sitemap is 5,433 URLs with working positive controls (vzn matches 356, doprav and parkov 137).
The whole Doprava a komunikácie section is 43 pages and none of them is a low-emission zone or an access restriction. The whole Dane a poplatky section is 7 pages — property, accommodation, use of public space, digital payment, gambling, the waste fee — and the historic-centre entry tax of 582/2004 is not among them, which is a counted negative in the one place the city lists the taxes it levies.
Košice and Mestská časť Bratislava-Staré Mesto were reached for and have no sitemap at all, HTTP 404 both, so neither bounds anything and neither is claimed to.
What Bratislava does have is recorded as withheld rather than absent: the city's own transport permits page states that entering the historic part and the Staré Mesto pedestrian zone past a no-entry sign requires a permit from the Capital City for vehicles over 3.5 tonnes.
That is a restriction binding a driver today, in the Dublin family — a weight test, not an emission one — and the page states neither its area nor its hours nor its price. One sentence of that paragraph was wrong, and cycle 74 corrected it by asking the other half of the city.
'Bratislava does not levy the historic-centre entry tax' was measured on the Capital City's own list of its own taxes, which is a true statement about Hlavné mesto SR Bratislava and a false one about Bratislava.
The old town belongs to Mestská časť Bratislava-Staré Mesto, a separate self-governing unit with its own taxing power, and the borough has levied the tax since at least 2023: VZN 8/2023, then 5/2024, then 1/2025, then VZN 4/2025 of 16 December 2025, in force from 1 January 2026 and now published in this corpus. Two method lessons come out of it and both are cheap to apply.
In a two-tier city, look at the tier that owns the territory — the Capital City's tax list is the right denominator for the Capital City and the wrong one for the city.
And a missing sitemap is not a missing register: www.staremesto.sk/sitemap.xml is still HTTP 404, and cycle 73 treated that as the end of the borough, but the borough runs a server-rendered, filterable, status-bearing ordinance register at /zverejnovanie/1438/vseobecne-zavazne-nariadenia that lists every VZN with its number, its date, its file and a Platné or Zrušené field.
A third, smaller one is worth recording because it looks like a way in and is not: bratislava.sk links RSS feeds at /api/feed and /api/official-board-feed in its own footer, and its robots.txt — served, ironically, from /api/robots — disallows /api/. A link in a publisher's HTML is not an Allow directive, so those feeds are closed, and the 356 VZN of the Capital City remain enumerable by URL and not by title.
What is still withheld is narrower than before: the Capital City's own over-3.5-tonne permission past the no-entry sign, which is a separate act from the borough's tax and whose own text has not been found. Cycle 100 took the two doors cycle 74 named, walked through both, and the answer is that neither tier of Bratislava has legislated the restriction at all.
The borough's register was the first door, and getting a denominator out of it needed one correction to cycle 73 that is worth keeping: www.staremesto.sk/sitemap.xml is still HTTP 404, but www.staremesto.sk/sitemap is a 526 KB server-rendered HTML sitemap, and it enumerates all 25 categories of the register. A missing sitemap.xml is not a missing sitemap, let alone a missing register.
The three categories where a heavy-vehicle permission would sit hold fourteen documents between them — 1420 Vjazd a parkovanie v pešej zóne 2, 1422 Doprava a komunikácie 2, 1424 Zvláštne využívanie pozemných komunikácií 10 — and every one of the fourteen is a blank application form, not a permission. Two of the forms are load-bearing anyway.
Žiadosť o vydanie povolenia k vjazdu motorového vozidla do historickej časti mesta asks for the vehicle's maximum total weight, field F1 of the registration document, which is the borough stating in its own form that weight is the test.
And Žiadosť na zvláštne užívanie pozemnej komunikácie — Vjazd a zotrvanie motorového vozidla v historickej časti mesta lists its mandatory attachments: the Krajský dopravný inšpektorát's opinion, the Capital City's road-authority decision for class I and II local roads where the Magistrát issues one, and proof of payment of the správny poplatok.
That last attachment prices itself in national law, which is open: Položka 82 of the Sadzobník in act 145/1995 Z. z., read in the consolidated version in force from 1 September 2026 to 30 November 2026, sets a permit for zvláštne užívanie at 200 eur for motorways, 120 for ciest and 80 eur for miestne ciest and verejné účelové ciest — the historic core is miestne ciest, split between the Magistrát for class I and II and the borough for class III and IV — with a Splnomocnenie letting the authority reduce it by 50 or 100 per cent, or raise it by 50, 100 or 200 per cent according to the extent and duration of the use.
So the fee is 80 eur as written and 0 to 240 eur as administered, and the record says both or neither. The same Sadzobník answers a question this finding has carried unanswered since cycle 73, which is what a Slovak low-emission zone would cost to enter.
Položka 170 letters o) to r), whose footnote 39bo points at § 11 of act 146/2023 Z. z. — the same framework paragraph this finding reads above — sets the fee for the entry permit the framework requires: a temporary permit is 14 eur for a natural person and 70 eur for a legal person or entrepreneur, a permanent permit 30 eur and 140 eur.
Agricultural machinery used for livestock and crop production is not charged at all, and the authority may exempt a person with severe disability or a recipient of an old-age, early old-age or invalidity pension. The framework therefore now has its money as well as its emission classes, its plaques and its nine months' notice, and it still has no city.
The second door was the Capital City's 356 VZN, which cycle 74 could only propose reading one page at a time because the register's index loads its titles from /api/ and robots.txt disallows it.
That is now done rather than proposed. scripts/bratislava-vzn-index.mjs takes the 356 /vzn/<number>-<year> URLs the site's own sitemap declares, reads them at three requests a second, and pulls the full title out of each page's meta description — the only place the subject is written out, because the h1 carries just 'VZN 05/2026' and og:title carries 'VZN 05/2026 null – Mesto Bratislava', the publisher's own null.
All 356 answered HTTP 200, all 356 yielded a title and a subject category, and the categories are seven: Územné plánovanie 72, Poriadok a čistota 58, Pomenovanie ulíc 57, Dane a poplatky 54, Ostatné 41, Sociálna pomoc a školstvo 39, Hospodárenie 35. There is no transport category.
Against the 356 titles, nízkoemis, nizkoemis, emisn, pešia zóna, pešej zóna, historick, hmotnos and 3,5 each return 0, while the positive controls return dočasnom parkovaní 8, taxislužby 5 and ovzduš 6, and a blind negative returns 0.
The six air ordinances are all the charge on small stationary sources of pollution, and the whole chain ends in VZN 2/2024, which repeals it; the Capital City's only vehicle ordinances are temporary parking, VZN 12/2016 as amended by 2/2018, and taxi stands. So the over-3.5-tonne prohibition is not carried by an ordinance of either tier.
It is carried by the traffic sign, and the act behind the sign is a Zápisnica o určení dopravného značenia. And that is where the wall is, and it is a host rather than a search.
The Zápisnice, the CSO application forms and the Capital City's own Sadzobník správnych poplatkov are all linked from bratislava.sk/doprava-a-komunikacie/doprava/dopravne-povolenia, which is open, on URLs at cdn-api.bratislava.sk, which serves no robots.txt — and every one of those URLs is HTTP 301 to bratislavask.s3.bratislava.sk, whose robots.txt is twenty-six bytes reading User-agent: * and Disallow: /.
So the documents that would carry the hours sit on a host that forbids us, reached through a host that does not, and the redirect is the only thing between the two.
This is the same rule as the /api/feed case above, one layer further out: a link in a publisher's HTML is not an Allow directive, and neither is an open first hop. scripts/robots-of-final-host.mjs was written for it and asks every host in a redirect chain before the document is requested. One sentence of the withheld entry below was also wrong, and correcting it is the honest half of this cycle.
The quoted sentence about entry to the historic part and the Staré Mesto pedestrian zone for vehicles over 3.5 t does appear on the Capital City's transport-permits page, word for word, and it does name the Capital City as the permitting authority — but it sits in the list of cases where the Krajský dopravný inšpektorát's opinion is NOT required for a traffic-sign determination, not in a list of cases where a permit is issued.
It is still evidence that the restriction and the permission exist, because the city would not exempt an opinion for a case it does not handle; it is not evidence about the permit procedure.
The procedure the page does set out under its own heading, Povolenie vjazdu do zákazu vjazdu, is for reaching your own or rented property or your place of permanent residence, states a 30-day lead time and an attachment matrix by owner, tenant and resident, and states no weight, no hours and no fee.
Found in force here, and not yet recordable:
We still cannot read https://www.riigiteataja.ee/robots.txt (HTTP 403 with a Cloudflare managed-challenge page (5,653 bytes, 'Just a moment...', cf_chl_opt, meta refresh 360). Served for robots.txt itself, so no allowed path can be established), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Estonia was ranked first of the three candidates and did not open, and nothing about Estonian law is claimed here. Riigi Teataja is the one national register in this sweep expected to carry municipal acts alongside state law — the D-107 shape that gave Czechia thirteen cities from one channel — so it was asked first.
The first request, for its own robots.txt, returned HTTP 403 carrying a 5,653-byte Cloudflare managed-challenge page: 'Just a moment...', a robots meta tag refusing indexing, a cf_chl_opt block and a meta refresh. A challenge served for robots.txt itself means no allowed path can be established at all, and a managed challenge is a bot wall, which this project does not work around.
Retry from a different network or at a different time is the only avenue; B-059.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 97,864 acts indexed by title for 1990 to 2026, all 37 years returning a file.
This is a title-level denominator for the whole of Croatian national legislation, not a CMS section list: 'niskoemisijsk' is 0 in it, the blind negative 'qzxqzx9999' is 0, and 'sigurnosti prometa na cestama' is 31 from Narodne novine — the gazette's own annual index of every act in the official part, one tab-separated file per year, documented on its data-access page under 'Stručno korištenje', 11,419 concepts carrying a prefLabel, in a 10,150,511-byte file.
The publisher's own list of every subject it indexes under, which is the strongest denominator shape this corpus knows (the Finnish asiasanat and the Slovak enviroportál are the others).
It has a concept for 'ograničenje prometa' and none for a low-emission zone from Narodne novine — nn-index-terms, the gazette's own editorial subject thesaurus, published as SKOS RDF/XML and attached to acts through eli:is_about, 4 acts in force about this zone, found by searching the gazette for 'zone prometa': the founding decision (12/24), two amendments (5/25 and 3/26) and the rent-a-car decision (10/26).
The city's own curated documents page for the zone lists two of the four, which is why the gazette rather than the page is cited in the record from Grad Dubrovnik — Službeni glasnik Grada Dubrovnika, the city's own official gazette, browsable by issue and searchable by text.
Croatia is the twenty-second country in the corpus and it arrives with the best-instrumented national gazette this sweep has met and a restriction that has nothing to do with air.
Narodne novine publishes ELI URLs with RDFa, RDF/XML and JSON-LD, a documented three-endpoint API, cascading sitemaps, five downloadable SKOS thesauri and — the part that decided this cycle — a per-year tab-separated index of every act in the official part, with title, type, issuer and ELI link. Two denominators came out of that and both are control-backed.
The subject thesaurus holds 11,419 concepts; 'niskoemisijsk' returns 0 in it, a blind negative returns 0, and the positive controls are there ('ograničenje prometa' 1, 'Kvaliteta zraka' 1, 'cestarin' 7). The annual index holds 97,864 acts for 1990 to 2026; 'niskoemisijsk' returns 0 in their titles, the blind negative 0, and 'sigurnosti prometa na cestama' returns 31.
So the claim is not that we could not find a Croatian low emission zone — it is that the national legislator has never used the word.
The air act confirms it from the other side: Zakon o zaštiti zraka (NN 127/2019) runs 144,272 characters, uses 'zona' about a hundred times and every one of them is an air-quality assessment zone under the EU directive; the only traffic power in it is the short-term action plan, which may include measures on motor traffic during an exceedance episode.
What Croatia does have is a different instrument, and it is a ceiling rather than an empowerment. Article 5(1) of the Zakon o sigurnosti prometa na cestama (NN 67/2008) is a closed list of what a local authority may regulate, each item needing the interior ministry's prior consent — priority roads, one-way streets, speed limits, parking, traffic-calmed zones, pedestrian zones, supply vehicles in them.
Reading all ten amendments since 2008 shows the list touched three times: NN 108/2017 changed a word in paragraph 3, NN 85/2022 rewrote point 5 and added point 14, and NN 145/2024 added point 15 for automated vehicles. Point 14 is the one that matters.
It lets a city set 'uvjete ulaza, prometovanja i izlaza vozila iz zone prometa u zaštićenoj kulturno-povijesnoj cjelini i kontaktnoj zoni', defined at article 2(1)(106) as a historic ensemble and its buffer whose cultural property is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, and it requires the culture ministry's consent on top of the interior ministry's.
That is a national framework whose trigger is an external list rather than a population or a pollutant, and it is the eighth shape in this corpus. It came with no implementing regulation: 'kulturno-povijesn' returns 0 in the titles of all 11,307 acts indexed for 2022 to 2026, so the instrument lives entirely at city level. Dubrovnik used it.
The city council adopted its decision on 9 May 2024 with all three ministerial consents on file, the traffic system began operating on 2 June 2025, and it is published in the city's own official gazette, which is online, enumerable and searchable.
One thing about that is worth recording as a method finding rather than a Croatian one: the city's curated 'Documents' page for the zone offers the 2024 decision and the February 2025 amendment, and the gazette holds two further acts in force that the page does not list — the February 2026 amendment that moved the season from 1 March–30 November to 1 April–31 October, and the May 2026 rent-a-car decision.
A record built from the documents page would have published the wrong season. Croatia is left in_progress rather than swept: Split and Trogir are also on the World Heritage List and were not examined, and Zagreb's own register was never opened.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 565 Chapters of the laws of Malta at the top level of the register, each expandable to its subsidiary legislation. Searched by title with controls: 'Toroq' 56, 'Vetturi' 44, 'Emissjoni' 27, 'Żoni' 12, 'Traffiku' 7, blind negative 'qzxwvk' 0.
The 'Żoni' search is recorded as a near-miss rather than a denominator: it does not return Mdina from Leġiżlazzjoni Malta — the Office of the State Advocate's consolidated-legislation register, searched through the same POST endpoint its own page uses, which returns recordsFiltered with every answer, 107 instruments under the two Chapters that can carry a vehicle-access restriction — 31 under Cap. 65 and 76 under Cap.
499 — read by title. Exactly three restrict access to an area (S.L. 65.27, S.L.
65.31, S.L. 499.54) and none names an emission standard. This is the denominator the Maltese negative rests on, because it does not depend on guessing the word the legislator used from Leġiżlazzjoni Malta — the subsidiary legislation made under the Traffic Regulation Ordinance (Cap.
65) and the Authority for Transport in Malta Act (Cap. 499), listed through the register's own GetChapterChild endpoint, 4 legal notices whose title matches 'Aċċess Kontrollat' — L.N. 105 of 2007, 269 of 2008, 430 of 2013 and 57 of 2016 — with nothing after 2016.
The control on the same register is 'Vetturi', which returns 290 from Leġiżlazzjoni Malta — the Legal Notices register, the channel through which a Maltese instrument is amended or repealed, searched through /LegalNotices/LegalNoticesPartial2. We still cannot read https://www.transport.gov.mt/robots.txt (HTTP 403 with a Cloudflare 'Sorry, you have been blocked' page, 4,542 bytes, on the request for robots.txt itself.
Transport Malta is the authority that runs the Valletta charging zone under S.L. 65.31, so this is the operator's own account of its own scheme, and it cannot be asked even whether it permits reading. Not worked around.); https://cva.gov.mt/robots.txt (HTTP 403 with the identical Cloudflare block page, 4,542 bytes to the byte.
This is the host named after the scheme itself. The two together mean the Maltese government web estate is shut to us and legislation.mt, which is not behind it, is the only Maltese channel that answers.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Malta is the twenty-fourth country in the corpus, it arrives with two cities in one reading, and it is the first country this sweep has opened where the whole of the answer is national legislation and none of it is a city's own act.
Every Maltese vehicle-access restriction is subsidiary legislation made under a Chapter of the laws of Malta, so there is one publisher for the country: legislation.mt, the Office of the State Advocate's consolidated-legislation service, whose robots.txt is 41 bytes and disallows exactly one crawler, Sogou web spider.
Its index is a DataTables grid filled by POST to /Legislations/LegislationPartial, which returns recordsFiltered on every query, so a Maltese negative has a printed denominator. What that index gives is two answers of different quality, and the weaker one is worth recording because it nearly produced a false negative.
A title search is the weaker: 'Żoni' returns 12 instruments, 'Emissjoni' 27, 'Toroq' 56, 'Vetturi' 44, 'Traffiku' 7, a blind negative 0 — and the 12 for 'Żoni' MISSES Mdina, whose regulations are titled a restriction of access and transit and never use the word zone. The stronger denominator is the enabling act, because the register also serves the children of a Chapter: the Traffic Regulation Ordinance (Cap.
65) has 31 pieces of subsidiary legislation under it and the Authority for Transport in Malta Act (Cap. 499) has 76, and reading all 107 titles finds exactly three that restrict vehicle access to an area — S.L. 65.27 for Mdina, S.L.
65.31 for charging zones, and S.L. 499.54 for the Valletta pedestrian zones — and none that mentions an emission class. So Malta has no low emission zone and never has; the 27 instruments matching 'Emissjoni' are air quality, fuel economy, greenhouse-gas trading, machinery and noise.
Two of the three are now records. S.L.
65.31, in force since 1 May 2007, is a national framework that lets the Authority establish charging zones in 'any Council locality' and has designated exactly one in nineteen years: Valletta, Monday to Friday 08.00 to 18.00, camera-enforced, metered rather than sold by the day — first 30 minutes free, €0.82 up to the hour, €0.82 an hour thereafter, capped at €6.52 a day, free on a public holiday and free for anything entered after 14.00 and out before 08.00.
Not paying is not an offence: the charge escalates by 2 per cent, then 2 per cent, then 100 per cent, and the vehicle's road licence cannot be renewed and its transfer cannot be registered until it is settled. S.L.
65.27, in force since 13 July 2004, is the opposite instrument and the shortest restriction in the corpus — 'No vehicle, other than karrozzin, shall have access to any street or square inside Mdina nor circulate within that city at any time' — with no charge, five classes of exception, two delivery windows a day, and a temporary permit from the Mdina Local Council on a form printed in the regulations for a €2.33 administration fee.
The engine is almost absent from both: no Euro class, no fuel ban, no label and no vehicle age anywhere, and the only powertrain test in Maltese law is an exemption in the driver's favour, regulation 6(m) of S.L. 65.31 exempting electric and hybrid vehicles from the charge.
The in-force question is answered by the register's own marks rather than by inference, and the positive control is in the same chapter: a repealed instrument carries '(R)' in its number and 'Imħassrin bl-Avviż Legali …' appended to its title (L.S. 65.01, L.S. 433.09(R), L.S.
499.53(R) — the road-user charging regulations, repealed by L.N. 338 of 2024), and neither 65.27 nor 65.31 carries either mark. The Legal Notices register answers the other half: searching it for 'Aċċess Kontrollat' returns four notices — 105 of 2007, 269 of 2008, 430 of 2013 and 57 of 2016 — and nothing after 2016, which matches the consolidated text's own statement of its amendment chain.
What is unreadable is the operator rather than the law. www.transport.gov.mt and cva.gov.mt both answer the request for their own robots.txt with a Cloudflare HTTP 403 block page, so Transport Malta's account of its own scheme — tariffs, the zone map, the permit portal — could not be asked for at all, and neither could the geometry.
That is why both Maltese records are city-level and why the facts rest on the statute: the law is the rule, and here it is also the only channel open. Malta is left in_progress rather than swept for one reason: S.L. 499.54, the Valletta Pedestrian Zones Regulations, is read and not published.
Its schedule of streets and squares is legible, but the PDF renders older Maltese diacritics through a legacy font mapping (ħ as ']', Ġ as '{', Ż as '|', ċ as a backtick) in part of the list and correctly in the rest, so publishing those street names would mean applying a character mapping of our own to a legal text. That is a transcription this corpus will not make on a guess.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 4,070 basic laws (βασικοί νόμοι) declared by the catalogue, indexed by initial letter and by year, with the most recent stated as 124(I)/2026.
Read but deliberately not enumerated: the site's terms of use forbid systematic automated retrieval, so this count bounds what exists rather than what we searched from CyLaw — the Cyprus Bar Association's legal information institute, whose catalogue of Cypriot primary legislation is the one channel of its site that robots.txt permits. Counted from the register's own header, not from a search.
We still cannot read https://www.mcw.gov.cy/robots.txt (458 bytes ending 'User-agent: * / Disallow: /' with an explicit exemption for Googlebot alone. This is the Ministry of Transport, Communications and Works — the authority that would publish a national traffic framework.
Reached only after repairing an incomplete certificate chain from the AIA the leaf certificate names, which verified the handshake and then delivered this rule. Respected, not worked around.); https://www.olc.gov.cy/robots.txt (458 bytes, byte-identical to the transport ministry's.
This is the Law Commissioner's office, which publishes consolidated Cypriot legislation, so the second national legal channel is shut by the same template as the first.); https://www.mof.gov.cy/robots.txt (458 bytes, byte-identical again. This is the ministry that houses the Government Printing Office, and therefore the Επίσημη Εφημερίδα in which a municipal bye-law is promulgated.
Three identical answers make this an estate-wide rule rather than one misconfigured host.); https://www.cylaw.org/terms.html (Not an HTTP block: the pages serve normally.
The terms of use prohibit 'external indexing of files or documents published on the Site by web robots' and 'mass or systematic downloading of files or documents by any means, including through automated processing, programmatic means', and direct publishers to obtain texts from the original source. A monitored source URL is re-fetched automatically on a schedule, so this channel cannot carry one.
The site also serves every page in windows-1253, which is why a first reading of it came back as replacement characters.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Cyprus was measured and set aside, and the reason is a rule rather than a refusal.
The Cypriot government web estate publishes one robots.txt from one template, and that template disallows everything to everybody except Googlebot: www.mcw.gov.cy (the transport ministry), www.olc.gov.cy (the Law Commissioner, who publishes consolidated legislation) and www.mof.gov.cy (the finance ministry, which houses the Government Printing Office) each return 458 bytes ending in 'User-agent: * / Disallow: /' followed by 'User-agent: Googlebot / Disallow:'.
The Επίσημη Εφημερίδα, the official gazette in which a Cypriot municipal bye-law becomes law, lives on that estate.
One of those hosts took an extra step to establish, and the step is worth recording because it inverts the usual lesson: www.mcw.gov.cy first refused the connection with UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE because it omits its intermediate certificate, the chain was repaired from the CA copy the certificate itself names, and the fully verified handshake was used to fetch — the robots.txt that says we may not read it.
Fixing the transport did not open a door; it proved the door was locked.
The other national channel is not government-run and is a different kind of closed. www.cylaw.org, the Cyprus Bar Association's legal information institute, publishes the whole corpus of Cypriot law and its robots.txt is 96 bytes disallowing only the case-law directories and /cgi-bin/ — and /cgi-bin/sinocgi.pl is exactly where its own search form posts, so the search box is out of bounds while the catalogue at /nomoi/, which declares 4,070 basic laws with the most recent numbered 124(I)/2026, is not.
That catalogue was not enumerated either, because the site's terms of use prohibit external indexing by web robots and mass or systematic downloading by any means including automated processing, and say publishers should obtain texts from the original source.
Our freshness monitor re-fetches every cited URL on a schedule, which is precisely what those terms forbid, so no cylaw.org URL can be a source in this corpus regardless of what robots.txt permits.
One more thing was measured before stopping, and a control stopped it from becoming a false negative: www.nicosia.org.cy, the capital's municipality, is open to us and runs a page called Δημοτικοί Κανονισμοί — municipal bye-laws — which renders 21,651 bytes of HTML and links no document at all.
That looked like an empty register until its sibling pages, the council minutes and the agendas, were checked and found equally empty, which makes 'the documents are not in the HTML' far likelier than 'the documents do not exist'. The document system the site advertises in its own footer, dms.nicosiamunicipality.org.cy, is a JavaScript-only imaging application with no public index.
Nothing here is a finding about Cypriot roads. Cyprus is unreadable, not empty, and this corpus asserts nothing about whether Cypriot cities restrict vehicle access.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 6,808 pages the city publishes across its three language versions. Searched for circulation, reglement, règlement, piéton, pietonne and vignette: 20 matches, among them the access-vignette page this record is built on and the bollard video notice, and none of them the règlement de la circulation itself.
This is the denominator behind 'the city does not publish its own traffic regulation' from Ville de Luxembourg — the city administration's own declared sitemap, read through the conventional location after its robots.txt declared none, 99,961 ELI identifiers across 10 sitemaps.
Recorded as a size rather than as a denominator on purpose: a search of all of them for 'circulation' returns zero, because an ELI URL is an identifier and not a title.
A gazette inventory this large can still bound nothing, which is the same trap finlex.fi set with 110,628 URLs from Le Gouvernement du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg — Legilux, the Journal officiel, whose robots.txt declares its sitemap index and simultaneously disallows /search and the administrative collection /eli/etat/adm/ to every agent, 25 published layers, enumerated from the service's own description: motorcycle bays, bicycle stands, fountains, Park and Bike, Park and Ride, covered car parks, surface car parks, disabled bays, vel'oH! stations, rescue points, bus stops and lines, playgrounds, recycling containers, running routes and their start points, fitness trails and their start points, bridle paths, walking paths and their start points, the cycle network and the 24 city quarters.
None is the pedestrian zone, which is why the boundary is recorded as published but unusable from Ville de Luxembourg — the city's ArcGIS OpenData feature service, the geodata channel its open-data publication on data.public.lu points at.
Luxembourg is the twenty-fifth country in the corpus, and it is the first one this sweep has opened where the restriction is published in full by the city and the instrument behind it is published by nobody we may read.
The Ville de Luxembourg closes its pedestrian centre with retractable bollards operated by its Service Circulation, and its own access page states the scheme plainly: deliveries and entry are always guaranteed between 06.00 and 10.00, during which the bollards stay lowered, and any road user wanting in between 10.00 and 06.00 the next morning must announce themselves at the technical terminal, where operators are physically present 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.
There is a second delivery window from 18.00 to 22.00, and the city says in the same sentence that the access bollards remain raised through it — an authorisation to deliver, not an open barrier.
In six named places the evening window does not exist at all and loading is confined to the morning: the place d'Armes and its adjacent streets, the place Guillaume II, the rue de la Reine, the rue du Marché-aux-Herbes, the rue du Nord and the rue de la Loge, with the use of private car parks there left unrestricted. Inside, parking is strictly forbidden and the speed limit is 20 km/h.
Permanent entry is a closed class: an annual vignette with an access badge goes to residents and traders whose parking space or private garage is reachable only through the zone, or whose home has no other way out, and only to right-holders meeting the criteria set out in the règlement de la circulation; a temporary vignette is issued by the Service Circulation for events, works and house moves, with entry on the day through an intercom after the authorisation is checked.
Nothing in the scheme turns on an engine — no Euro class, no fuel, no sticker, no vehicle age — and no amount appears anywhere, for either vignette. What could not be reached is the traffic regulation the city itself cites.
The city does not publish it: its declared sitemap holds 6,808 pages, a search of that inventory for circulation and règlement returns 20 pages and none of them is the instrument, and its register of regulations voted by the council lists around two dozen instruments covering public order, markets, waste, water, cemeteries and subsidies, with no traffic regulation among them.
The national gazette cannot be asked either, and for a reason worth recording next to Cyprus: legilux.public.lu is broadly open and declares 10 sitemaps holding 99,961 URLs, but its robots.txt disallows /search to every agent, and it also disallows /eli/etat/adm/, the administrative collection where an approved communal regulation would sit.
The sitemap is no substitute, because the ELI URLs in it are identifiers rather than titles — a search of all 99,961 for 'circulation' returns zero. So the fine is unknown to us and the record says so with those numbers rather than shrugging.
The geometry was asked separately and is a clean negative with a denominator: the city publishes a plan of each pedestrian zone, Centre-Ville and Place de Paris, as PDFs under /sites/default/files/media/ni/document/ — a directory its own robots.txt disallows to every user agent, so the maps are public and closed to us — and its ArcGIS OpenData feature service enumerates 25 layers, from motorcycle bays and fountains to the cycle network and the city's 24 quarters, none of which is the pedestrian zone.
The national open-data portal holds one relevant city dataset, Mobilité - Circulation et parkings, whose resources are those same parking and bicycle layers, and the one national traffic-regulation feed on that portal, the Ponts et Chaussées DATEX-II set, describes itself as static permanent access regulations applying to Luxembourg motorways and tunnels.
One date exists and it is not a date: the Service Circulation's video-transmission notice says the bollards have been progressively limiting access to the pedestrian sector since the month of March 2022, in accordance with the provisions of the traffic regulation. A month is not a day and the precinct predates the bollards, so the record carries no effective date at all.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 128,071 legal-act URLs across three sitemaps. A real denominator rather than a size, because a likumi.lv slug carries the act's title: 'ipasa-rezima' returns 42 instruments, which is every special-regime-zone act Latvia has ever published, and 'vecrig' with 'iebrauksan' returns 58.
Reading all 42 is what establishes that two municipalities ever charged for entry and one still does from VSIA 'Latvijas Vēstnesis' — likumi.lv, the official publisher's legal-acts site, whose robots.txt declares its sitemap index and a crawl delay of one second, and disallows /search.php*, the path its own search form posts to, 11,461 pages across six sitemaps.
Searched for iebrauk, caurlaid and nodeva: 42 matches, which is how the permits page, the penalty page and the zone map sheet were found without using the site's search box — which is JS-only and returns no results in the HTML, so it could not have served as a denominator even though robots.txt permits it from Jūrmalas valstspilsētas pašvaldība — the city's own declared-by-convention sitemap, read after its robots.txt declared none, 108 public items, all of them enumerated: transport scheme, functional zoning for 2007, 2012 and 2024, red lines, neighbourhoods, detailed planning areas, flood areas, protection belts, utilities, buildings, playgrounds, cycle transport and the rest.
None is the special regime zone, and a positive control on the same list confirms the search works — six titles match 'transport' or 'zon'.
This is the denominator behind recording Jūrmala's boundary as published but unusable from Jūrmalas valstspilsētas pašvaldība — the town's ArcGIS Online organisation, the only geodata channel it publishes, 98 'territories with special rules' recorded for Jūrmala, all from the consolidated territorial plan in force of 10 June 2024 — the very plan the binding regulations delegate the zone's extent to — across twenty-two distinct types.
None of them is the special regime zone for vehicle entry. Two controls make that a measurement: the same layer queried across the whole country for 'režīma' or 'iebrauk' returns eight features, all in Ogres novads and all transport-infrastructure development areas, and Jūrmala's encumbrance layer returns 683 features, so the municipality is in this register in depth.
The zone is not an object class TAPIS models, which closes the last door named in D-126 from Valsts reģionālās attīstības aģentūra — the TAPIS combined GeoServer behind geolatvija.lv, the national spatial-planning portal. Reached on 2026-09-16 after the portal's own runtime configuration named it; both geolatvija.lv and tapis.gov.lv disallow nothing in robots.txt.
Latvia is the twenty-sixth country in the corpus, and it is the first in this sweep where a national enabling power is countable end to end and the count comes to one. The enabling provision is section 12(1)(6) of the law 'Par nodokļiem un nodevām', which lets a municipality levy a fee for vehicles entering a special regime zone, with the procedure set by Cabinet regulations No. 480 of 28 June 2005.
The publisher is likumi.lv, the legal-acts site of the official publisher VSIA 'Latvijas Vēstnesis', and it behaved the way the last two cycles taught us to expect: its search form posts to search.php and its own robots.txt disallows /search.php*, so the search box is out of bounds — the fourth independent publisher in three cycles where that is true. Its catalogue is not.
The declared sitemap index holds three sitemaps and 128,071 URLs, and unlike Legilux's ELI identifiers these slugs carry titles, so it is a real denominator: 'ipasa-rezima' matches 42 instruments and 'iebrauksan' with 'vecrig' matches 58. Reading all 42 titles and then their structured status fields gives the whole national picture.
Two municipalities ever operated an entry charge, Rīga and Jūrmala, and only Jūrmala still does. Jūrmala's is live and is now a record: binding regulations No.
13 of 29 June 2023, status 'Spēkā esošs', in force since 5 December 2023, 5 euro a day with five longer tariffs, payable all year, enforced by the municipal police with video control devices at a 50 euro administrative fine, and free automatically for anyone declared, owning property or registered as a company in the town. Rīga is the negative and it is dated rather than assumed.
The Old Rīga scheme rested on Cabinet regulations No. 336 of 20 August 1996, which designated the special regime zone and whose paragraph 1.1 — the Vecrīga boundary, described street by street — was itself limited to run only until 31 December 2008; Rīga city council's binding regulations No. 98 of 31 October 2000, which charged for entering it, lost force on 26 February 2009; and Cabinet regulations No.
1520 of 22 December 2009 repealed No. 336 outright with effect from 1 July 2010, with no successor anywhere in the 42. So Rīga had a paid entry cordon into its old town and let it lapse, and the corpus says that with the repealing instrument rather than by failing to find one.
The status field was controlled before it was trusted: it moves. Jūrmala's own 2017 regulations, which the 2023 act replaced, read 'Zaudējis spēku' with a repeal date of 5 December 2023, and the 1997 Rīga acts read the same with 18 November 2000 — so a repeal is visible on the page and a watched 'Spēkā esošs' will break when one happens.
Two smaller entries in the 42 were checked and are neither: Aglona parish council's 1995 protocol extract granting a special regime zone, from a parish that no longer exists as a municipality, and a Rīga taxi-entry fee regulation of 2015 that lost force on 19 June 2020.
Latvia is also the first country where the terms of use were read as a positive control rather than as a refusal: likumi.lv's portal terms run to five sections on accounts, services and liability and contain no prohibition on automated or systematic retrieval, and all content is stated to be free — the opposite of cylaw.org, which is why likumi.lv URLs can be sources here and cylaw.org URLs cannot.
Not a low emission zone anywhere in the country: nothing in the 42 or the 58 turns on an engine, and Jūrmala's only propulsion rule is an exemption for electric cars.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 15 weight-restricted freight zones, all of them enumerated with codes: four at 3.5 tonnes (B35, KV35, P35, DP35), four at 7.5 tonnes (EB75, P75, DP75, CS75) and seven at 12 tonnes (EB1, HB1, DB1, ÉP1, KP1, DP1, CS1). Each is given as a perimeter of named roads with its exclusions, its destination-traffic-only streets and its hours.
The sibling page enumerates the eleven protected zones the same way, and BKK states both counts independently from Budapest Közút Zrt. — the road authority operating the capital's freight entry permit system, on its own 'Területi felsorolás' page, which is the register for this scheme, 1,518 pages.
Measured as a denominator and found not to be one for this purpose: 'behajt' returns zero matches across the whole file while 'rendelet' returns many, so the city's site indexes news about decrees rather than the decrees.
Its decree channel is the Fővárosi Közlöny issue list, published as gazette PDFs by issue and date rather than as an instrument register from Budapest Főváros Önkormányzata — budapest.hu, whose robots.txt allows everything but one consultation page and declares this sitemap.
Hungary is the twenty-seventh country in the corpus, and it is the first in this sweep where the national legal register was closed and the country opened anyway — through the operator rather than through the law. The register is njt.hu, the Nemzeti Jogszabálytár, which is where a Hungarian government decree and the consolidated text of a Budapest municipal decree both live.
It is reachable at the transport layer and refuses at the application layer: DNS resolves, TCP connects in 32 ms, TLS completes on TLSv1.3 with a valid certificate for *.njt.hu, and the server then closes the socket having sent zero bytes in reply to an ordinary request, for both njt.hu and www.njt.hu.
No robots.txt could be read, so no crawl rule could be honoured, and nothing was retried under a different user agent.
The city's own estate is open by contrast — budapest.hu serves a robots.txt that allows everything but one consultation page and declares a 229 KB sitemap — but that sitemap is a news and page index rather than a register of decrees, 1,518 URLs of which 1,214 sit under /hirek, with zero matches for 'behajt' in it, against many for 'rendelet', so its decree archive is the Fővárosi Közlöny issue list and not an enumerable instrument register.
What carried the country instead is the road authority.
Budapest Közút Zrt. has operated the capital's freight entry permit system under a public-service contract since 1 April 2016, its robots.txt disallows only /wp-admin/, and it publishes the whole scheme as structured pages: fifteen weight-restricted zones at 3.5, 7.5 and 12 tonnes, each defined street by street with its exclusions, its destination-traffic-only roads and its hours; eleven separate protected zones under a different decree; the Euro-class and age scale that prices a permit; the procedure; and the tariff grid itself as a spreadsheet in force from 1 July 2026.
BKK, the capital's transport authority, states the same two counts — fifteen and eleven — independently, which is the first cross-publisher confirmation of a zone count this corpus has had from two bodies in the same city. The legal basis is not stated on any of those HTML pages and had to be taken from the operator's own general terms: Budapest Municipal Assembly decree 92/2011. (XII.
30.) Főv. Kgy. creates the weight-restricted zones and their entry permits, decree 30/2010.
(VI. 4.) Főv. Kgy. creates the protected zones, and section 14(1) z/2 of the highway code — joint decree 1/1975.
(II. 5.) KPM–BM — creates the restricted-traffic zone sign itself. Two things are therefore missing and both are named rather than glossed.
The penalty is null: the operator's terms have a section on checking and sanctions and it gives no amount, deferring to the body designated in national law, and that law is on njt.hu. And effective_from is null: the decree is cited by number and date of promulgation but its entry into force is in a text we could not read.
Not a low emission zone: nothing in the scheme turns on an engine for a car, and the Euro rules that exist apply to goods vehicles as a percentage on the permit fee — plus one hard exclusion, no new permit at all for a Euro 0 or Euro 1 vehicle in the 3.5-tonne and 7.5-tonne zones. Only Budapest is measured; nothing is asserted about any other Hungarian city.
We still cannot read https://www.e-tar.lt/robots.txt (HTTP 403, 5,654 bytes of Cloudflare 'Just a moment...' interstitial with a non-interactive managed challenge. This is Teisės aktų registras, the national register in which Lithuanian municipal legal acts are published.
A content path on the same host, /portal/lt/index, answers with the identical interstitial, so the whole estate is behind the challenge rather than only the robots file. Recorded as a block; no challenge was solved and no user agent substituted.); https://vilnius.lt/robots.txt (HTTP 403, 5,652 bytes, the same Cloudflare managed-challenge interstitial.
The capital's own site, and therefore the publisher of any Vilnius old-town access rule.); https://aktai.vilnius.lt/robots.txt (HTTP 403, 5,658 bytes, the same interstitial again. This is Vilnius's document and decisions site, the second and last city-level channel.
Three identical answers across two hosts and two zones make this a policy rather than an accident.); https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/documentSearch/lt (Not an HTTP block: this host serves us normally and has no robots.txt to disallow anything. The obstacle is the form.
It posts to its own URL with a javax.faces.ViewState blob and a per-session jfwid, and its inputs are named by generated JSF component ids ('searchCompositeComponent:contentForm:searchParamPane:j_id_30:paramAdoptionNo' and the like) which are not stable across builds, so there is no GET form of a query and no citable result URL.
Individual act pages are readable and carry a structured 'Galioja' validity field, but without a register there is no way to find the right act or to prove a negative, so nothing was written down.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Lithuania was measured and set aside, and the reason is that the two channels that would carry a municipal traffic rule are both behind a Cloudflare managed challenge while the one channel that is open has no register we may address.
The national Register of Legal Acts, www.e-tar.lt, is where Lithuanian municipal acts are published; its robots.txt answers HTTP 403 with a Cloudflare interstitial, and so does an ordinary content path on the same host, so the wall is the estate rather than one misconfigured file.
Vilnius is the same: vilnius.lt and aktai.vilnius.lt, the city's document site, both answer HTTP 403 with the same interstitial on robots.txt. This is the pattern already recorded for Estonia — when robots.txt itself cannot be read, there is no crawl rule to honour, and a challenge is not something this project solves. The open channel is the Seimas legal-acts portal, e-seimas.lrs.lt.
It has no robots.txt at all (its application returns a 404 page for the path) and no sitemap, it serves individual act pages over plain GET with the whole text and a structured validity field in the HTML — 'Galioja' for an act in force, with a dated chronology — and that would be a good publisher to work with. What it does not have is a denominator.
Its slug is an identifier rather than a title (/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.247872), so a sitemap would not have been a register even if one existed; and its search is a JSF form that posts to its own URL carrying a javax.faces.ViewState and a per-session jfwid, with every input named by a generated component id of the form 'searchCompositeComponent:contentForm:searchParamPane:j_id_30:j_id_55'.
Those ids change with the build, so no stable GET query can be constructed and no result page can be cited as a source.
That is a new shape: a search box that is neither forbidden by robots.txt nor JavaScript-only, but simply not addressable. www.lrs.lt, the parliament's own site, does serve a robots.txt, and it disallows /pls/ — the path its legacy document viewer sits under — while allowing three narrow prefixes that are navigation rather than a register. Nothing here is a finding about Lithuanian roads.
Vilnius old town is known by name to run a permit-controlled access regime and this corpus asserts nothing about it, because no lawful channel was found from which to read the rule.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 422 council decisions, each with its full title and its own PDF from Consiliul General al Municipiului București — Monitorul Oficial al Municipiului București, section 3.1, the administrative acts adopted by the deliberative authority in 2026, 4,747 pages of ten acts each, paginated, about 47,470 acts in all from Primăria Municipiului București — acteinterne.pmb.ro, the city's own legal register of council decisions and mayoral dispositions.
We still cannot read https://legislatie.just.ro/robots.txt (No HTTP response.
DNS resolves to 85.120.166.86, TCP connects in 35 ms and TLS completes on TLSv1.3 with a RapidSSL-issued certificate for *.just.ro valid to 8 January 2027, and the server then closes the connection with bytesRead 0 — UND_ERR_SOCKET 'other side closed' from undici, and an empty body with exit 0 from curl. probe-tls.mjs confirms the handshake finishes, so this is an HTTP-layer refusal rather than unreachability, and the same answer comes back for the site root.
No user agent was substituted.
Because robots.txt itself cannot be read there is no crawl rule to honour, so nothing further was requested from this host; the national consolidated text of Romanian law is therefore unavailable to this project, and every fact in the Bucharest record comes from the city's own register instead.); https://api.pmb.ro/api/get-local-taxes (HTTP 500, 583,299 bytes of Laravel debug output: 'Base table or view not found: 1146 Table pmb.local_taxes doesn't exist'.
The city's machine-readable local-taxes endpoint, referenced by its own front-end bundle, is broken at the publisher. Noted so the next cycle does not treat it as a source of tariffs; the human-readable payments page under menu-page/plata-online-taxe-transport works and was used instead.
Nothing was probed further on this endpoint.); https://www.pmb.ro/robots.txt (HTTP 200 and useless: 2,481 bytes of the Angular application shell, byte-identical to what /, /sitemap.xml and every invented path return. The city's main site cannot be read as HTML at all and has no robots file and no sitemap of its own.
Its content is only reachable through the JSON API at apiv2.pmb.ro, whose name appears nowhere except inside a JavaScript bundle as api2Url — which is why scripts/ro-mol-pmb.mjs exists. The API's robots.txt does allow everything.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Romania is published, one city, and it is the second country in two cycles opened with its national legal register shut. legislatie.just.ro — the Ministry of Justice register where Romanian law is consolidated — resolves, connects in 35 ms and completes a TLSv1.3 handshake with a valid certificate for *.just.ro, and then closes the socket having sent nothing: bytesRead 0, on the undici client and on curl alike, for /robots.txt and for /.
That is the njt.hu shape from the cycle before (B-062), and under the rule that cycle produced it is no longer a reason to call a country blocked. The channel that answered is the city's, and it answered because the law makes it: OUG nr.
57/2019, the Codul administrativ, obliges every Romanian local authority to publish a Monitorul Oficial Local with six numbered sections, among them 3.1 the administrative acts the council has adopted and 3.3 the register recording them.
Bucharest serves that structure as plain JSON from apiv2.pmb.ro/api/menu-page/mof*, whose robots.txt is 'User-agent: *' with an empty 'Disallow:' — nothing forbidden — and section 3.1 lists all 422 decisions of 2026 with their full titles, one PDF each, while 3.3 gives a register PDF per year back to 2020.
The city runs a second publisher alongside it, acteinterne.pmb.ro, which is the real find: about 47,470 acts over 4,747 pages of ten, a search form whose fields are plain human names submitted by GET so a result is quotable as a URL, and a relation graph printed in both directions on every act page — what this act modifies, what modifies it, what refers to it, what it refers to. That graph is what settled the scheme.
Bucharest's live restriction is not the Oxigen vignette the press once attributed to it: searching the council register for 'oxigen' and 'vinietă' across 2020, 2021, 2024, 2025 and 2026 returns nothing at all. It is HCGMB nr.
134/26.08.2004, a freight rule that bans goods vehicles and heavy plant over 5 tonnes from an inner ring of 25 arteries and over 7.5 tonnes from an outer ring of 40, in daytime absolutely and at night only on a paid circulation authorisation, and bans transit by any such vehicle not destined for Bucharest at any hour.
A title search on 'marfuri' returned the whole amendment chain on one page — 132/2005, 260/2005, 312/2009, 135/2021, 29/2024, 137/2025 — and the General Mayor's own 2026 explanatory memorandum for a replacement confirms it is the instrument in force in the city's words.
One fact could not be sourced and it is the charge: article 6 prices the authorisation per zone, per tonnage band, per day or month, entirely in pre-denomination lei, and no amending decision has ever restated it in the currency Romania has used since July 2005 — while the city's own online-payments page lists this authorisation with its unit-value cell empty and fills it for every other transport authorisation beside it.
Recorded as null with that measurement rather than divided by ten thousand. Nothing is claimed about any Romanian city other than Bucharest, and no Romanian national low emission zone framework has been read either way.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 44 наредби in force in folder 510909, all of them enumerated with titles and dates. Exactly one creates a low emission zone; the traffic ordinance beside it, Наредба за организация на движението на територията на Столична община, governs parking and the resident vignette that this scheme's exemption depends on.
The sibling folder 510913 holds 46 repealed наредби, and comparing the two is how the publisher's isActual field was shown not to move from Столична община — its own register of normative acts, run by APIS at sofia.obshtini.bg and reached through the JSON API the site's own bundle names.
The folder tree separates acts in force from repealed ones, which is what makes this a denominator rather than a list, 311 pages across three sitemaps. Read rather than pattern-matched: the Latin-slug needles this corpus normally uses returned zero against it, and the two pages that carry the scheme — zoni-s-niski-emisii-na and ot-1-vlizat-pravilata-niskoemisionnata-zona — were found by reading the inventory itself.
Neither can be watched by the monitor, so both are cited without watched strings from Център за градска мобилност ЕАД — the operator's own sitemap, declared in a robots.txt that forbids nothing, 304 pages across seven sitemaps, searched for emisi, emisii, zona, zoni and niski: zero matches.
This is the denominator behind not hunting further for a municipal polygon, and the reason the two boundaries held here come from OpenStreetMap under ODbL rather than from the city from Софияплан — Столична община's own urban planning agency, the only city geodata publisher reachable at all once www.sofia.bg proved to be a user-agent wall.
We still cannot read https://www.sofia.bg/robots.txt (HTTP 403, 30 bytes: 'Forbidden: Unsupported Browser'. Столична община's own site, and council.sofia.bg — the site of Столичният общински съвет, which adopts the ordinance — answer identically on every path tried including the site root.
A user-agent wall rather than a crawl rule, and because robots.txt itself cannot be read there is no rule to honour, so nothing further was requested from either host and no user agent was substituted.
Not a blocker for this country: the ordinance is published in full by the municipality's own register at sofia.obshtini.bg, and the driver-facing scheme by the operator at sofiatraffic.bg.); https://www.lex.bg/robots.txt (HTTP 200, 176 bytes, and it closes the door in writing: Allow: / for Googlebot, Bingbot, Slurp, Applebot and DuckDuckBot, then 'User-agent: *' with 'Disallow: /'. We are the star.
No Bulgarian legal text was taken from this host.); https://data.egov.bg/robots.txt (HTTP 403, 199 bytes of Apache's default Forbidden page. The national open data portal, checked once as a possible source for an official zone polygon.
Nothing further was requested there.); https://sofiatraffic.bg/bg/info-center/zoni-s-niski-emisii-na (HTTP 200, 1.6 MB, fully permitted — and unwatchable. sofiatraffic.bg is an Inertia.js application: the whole page body lives in ONE HTML attribute, data-page on a single div, with every Cyrillic letter JSON-escaped inside it.
The monitor strips tags before matching, so this page normalises to SEVENTEEN characters and any watched string, Cyrillic or ASCII, would be reported missing from a page that had not changed.
Recorded as a shape rather than a failure: it is a fourth way for an open source to be uncitable to the watchlist, distinct from a PDF (D-077) and from a JSON envelope (D-054), and it is why scripts/bg-sofiatraffic.mjs exists and why the two operator pages are cited with no verify_contains.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Bulgaria is the twenty-ninth country in the corpus and the first one opened by an operator's own outgoing link rather than by a register we went looking for.
The city's estate refuses us outright: www.sofia.bg and council.sofia.bg — the municipality and the council that adopts the rule — answer every path including /robots.txt with HTTP 403 and a 30-byte body reading 'Forbidden: Unsupported Browser', a user-agent wall, so nothing was requested from either host and no user agent was substituted. www.lex.bg, the commercial legal site, serves a robots.txt that allows five named search engines and gives 'User-agent: *' a bare 'Disallow: /', so it is out of bounds by its own rule.
What answered is Център за градска мобилност ЕАД, the operator Столична община appointed for the capital's traffic schemes: sofiatraffic.bg allows everything and declares a sitemap of 311 URLs, two of which carry the scheme. That page names the ordinance, and its link IS the register: sofia.obshtini.bg, the APIS-run register of Столична община's own normative acts.
That host is an Angular shell of the www.pmb.ro shape — 968 identical bytes on every path including /robots.txt — and its API base appears only inside main.<hash>.js as basePath + 'obshtina-' + subdomain, resolving to web-api.apis.bg, whose robots.txt is a genuine IIS 404.
The register is a real denominator and an unusually good one: a Folders call returns a tree whose top level separates 'Нормативни актове' (44 наредби in force, one of them the low emission zone ordinance) from 'Нормативни актове - отменени' (46 repealed), and the same API serves the national legislation base under obshtina-legislation, where the Clean Air Act and the roadworthiness ordinance that defines the eco groups were read.
One measurement inverts the usual assumption and is worth carrying forward: this register's structured isActual field does NOT move. All 46 acts in the repealed folder still read isActual 1.
What changes is the CAPTION, to which the publisher appends '(отм.)', and the folder the act is filed in — so a cycle that watched isActual here would be watching a decoration, and the watched string in both records takes the caption's ending instead.
The scheme is Наредба за създаване на зони с ниски емисии на вредни вещества в атмосферния въздух на територията на Столична община, adopted by council decision № 931 of 15 December 2022 and in force from 1 December 2023, and it is in force on the strongest evidence this corpus has yet used: the Върховен административен съд upheld the rejection of a challenge to its article 3, chapters two and four and article 22 by decision № 1031 of 10 February 2025, in case № 2591/2024.
It creates two concentric rings — Малък ринг, 3.4 km², eco groups one and two banned since 1 December 2024 and group three from 1 December 2028; and Голям ринг, 17.0 km², group one banned since 1 December 2025 and group two from 1 December 2027 — and the ban runs only from 1 December to the last day of February each year, round the clock inside that window.
Both are records and both carry polygons, taken from OpenStreetMap under ODbL and admitted street by street rather than by name: the member ways of each relation carry exactly the road names the ordinance lists, five for the inner ring and all thirteen for the outer, with one extra connector on the outer ring recorded rather than removed.
There is no charge — it is a prohibition — and the penalty is national: article 41a(2) of the Закон за чистотата на атмосферния въздух, 50 to 500 leva for an individual and 200 to 1,000 for a company, drawn up and issued by the mayor and paid into the municipality's own budget.
The vehicle test is Bulgaria's five eco groups under article 37a of Наредба № Н-32, which combine the Euro category, the date of first registration AND the carbon monoxide or smoke opacity measured at the periodic inspection, so the Euro class alone does not decide it and a vehicle that lands in no group is treated as group one.
Nothing is claimed about any Bulgarian city other than Sofia, and there is no national low emission zone framework to claim anything about: article 28a of the Clean Air Act is an enabling power for municipal measures, not a scheme.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 18 acts whose titles carry the freight traffic regime, 2009 to 2026, each with its issue number, publication date and page. Ten of them are this scheme — the 2019 base decision and nine amendments, exactly the chain the 2026 amendment prints in its own citation — and the other eight are the predecessor instruments it replaced.
The count is also this record's version pointer: a tenth amendment moves it off 18 from Службени лист града Београда — the City of Belgrade's own official gazette, the publisher the city is required to keep and the only channel on which its acts appear.
Its title search over the 2002-to-date archive is the denominator for this instrument: it was controlled before use, 'буџет' returning 2,478 against a blind negative of zero, and it indexes act titles rather than full text, which for an amendment chain is the right index, 5,971 URLs, of which all but 66 are dated news articles. No register of municipal acts, no decision text and no scheme page.
This is why the mandated-gazette recipe (D-128) was the one that worked here rather than the city-site recipe from Град Београд — beograd.rs, the city's own site, measured to establish that the acts are NOT there and that the gazette is the channel. Its sitemap index declares 54 sitemaps and the 25 read are news by month plus a 33-entry menu sitemap; the freight vocabulary returns nothing across the lot.
We still cannot read https://pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/eli/rep/sgrs/skupstina/zakon/2009/41/1/reg (HTTP 200 and fully permitted — the host's robots.txt is 67 bytes, 'User-agent: *' followed by two Allow rules and no Disallow whatever — but every path returns the identical 12,855-byte Vue shell whose only rendered words are 'pis-vue doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled'.
The /SlGlasnikPortal/eli/rep/ prefix its robots.txt separately names behaves the same.
The bundle's configuration was decoded from base64 at /bandleportalconf.txt and names eleven API hosts including reg.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs; the act is rendered into an iframe from one of them, but the document endpoint is in a lazily-loaded chunk and was not found, and /api/ and the obvious ELI path under it both answer HTTP 404. This is what leaves the Belgrade penalty null.
It is not a refusal and not a crawl rule: it is a register that is open and unaddressable.); https://www.beograd.rs/robots.txt (HTTP 200, 885 bytes, and open apart from one thing that matters: 'Disallow: */search/' and 'Disallow: */search/3/1' close the city's own search box, alongside 'Disallow: *documentId'.
A fifth publisher in this corpus whose catalogue is permitted while its search form is not, after cylaw.org, legilux.public.lu, likumi.lv and lex.bg. Nothing was requested from those paths; the sitemap the same file declares was used instead, and it turned out to be a news feed.); https://www.parkingservis.rs/sitemap.xml (getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND. Not a block — a dead pointer.
The Belgrade parking operator's robots.txt at www.parking-servis.co.rs is 75 bytes, permits everything, and declares its Sitemap on a different host that does not resolve in DNS at all. Worth writing down as a shape: a robots.txt can be fully open and still lead nowhere, and a cycle that treats a missing sitemap as a refusal would mislabel it.
The operator itself is reachable on its own host once its certificate chain is repaired.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Serbia is the first country in this sweep where every publisher we tried was open and the obstacle was a certificate.
Four channels were asked for robots.txt before anything else: the national legal register at pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs answered 67 bytes with two Allow rules and no Disallow at all; the City of Belgrade at beograd.rs answered 885 bytes forbidding its own search path — a fifth publisher whose search box sits on a route its robots.txt closes, after cylaw.org, legilux, likumi.lv and lex.bg — and the operator and the state gazette publisher both answered 'Disallow:' empty.
Three of those four could not be fetched by Node at all, and the reason was the same on each: UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE, a server omitting its intermediate certificate. scripts/aia-chain.mjs repaired all three from the CA's own published copy with verification left on, and the doors opened. What opened the country in the end was none of the four.
Belgrade's acts are not on beograd.rs — that site's 5,971-URL sitemap is a news feed — but in Службени лист града Београда, the gazette the city is required by the Закон о локалној самоуправи and the Закон о главном граду to keep, on a host of its own at sllistbeograd.rs whose robots.txt is twenty-seven bytes and permits everything.
Its search is a plain GET form with human field names and it was measured before it was trusted: 'буџет' returns 2,478 and 'zzqqxxyy' returns none. That gave the whole instrument in one query: a freight decision of 2019 and every one of its nine amendments, each with issue number, date and page, and the newest of them — 27 March 2026 — printing the full chain the city considers in force. Belgrade is published from it.
The gap is the fine. The city's decision sets no penalty and the national road traffic safety act that would carry one sits in a register that invites us in and then cannot be read: every path on pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs, including the ELI paths its own robots.txt names, returns the same 12,855-byte JavaScript shell.
Its configuration was found and decoded — base64 at /bandleportalconf.txt, eleven API hosts — but the endpoint that serves an act's text into the viewer's iframe lives in one of about 150 lazily-loaded chunks and was not located. So the penalty is null with the measurement written down, and nothing about Serbian cities other than Belgrade is claimed here.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 8 pages of the ministry's controlled register, each listing the acts of one or two instrument types with their gazette issue numbers and free PDF attachments. The scheme's parent act is on page one with its consolidated chain '30/17, 46/17, 1/22'; the fee pravilnik is on page six.
Measured incomplete against the gazette's own index, which is the finding: the register omits 49/17, the ministry's own amendment to its own fee schedule from Ministarstvo saobraćaja Kantona Sarajevo — 'Propisi Ministarstva', the ministry's own register of every regulation it applies, faceted by instrument type (Zakon, Uredba, Odluka ili rješenje, Pravilnik, Instrukcija ili naredba, Uputstvo ili metodologija, Plan ili program, Procedura ili vodič, Ostalo) and by legal source (Službene novine Kantona Sarajevo, Službene novine FBiH, Službeni glasnik BiH, Interni dokument).
Eight pages, enumerated in full with the ?page= parameter, and the channel that opened the country, 17 acts whose titles carry the pedestrian-zone vocabulary, 2012 to 2026, each with its issue number, publication date and issuing body. Four of them are this scheme's family: the fee pravilnik 46/17 and its amendment 49/17, and the Stari Grad municipal decisions 21/16 and 21/26.
A fifth pedestrian-zone municipality, Ilijaš, appears in 19/26 from JP NIO Službeni list Bosne i Hercegovine — the publisher of Službene novine Kantona Sarajevo, on its title index over the whole archive. Controlled before use: 'budžet' 220, 'zzqqxxyy' 0, and 'danom objavljivanja' 0, which measures it as a title index rather than full text.
The independent second denominator, and the one that caught two instruments the operating ministry does not list. We still cannot read https://www.sluzbenilist.ba/search/searchresult?naziv=ure%C4%91enju%20saobra%C4%87aja (HTTP 200, no robots.txt on the host at all, and the index itself is completely free: issue number, publication date, issuing body and full title for every row. Only the document is walled.
Every 'Pregled >>' is <a href="#" onclick="CommonFunctions.OpenLoginRegisterDialog();">, and there is no document identifier anywhere in the markup to construct an address from — the row is the whole of what an anonymous reader gets.
This is a channel shape worth naming because it is neither of the two we already had: not cylaw.org's licence wall, where the terms forbid what the server would serve, and not pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs, where the server serves and nothing has an address. Here the publisher deliberately gives away the catalogue and sells the text.
And the catalogue alone changed what we published: it is what revealed 49/17 and 21/26, and therefore why this record's fee is null rather than a nine-year-old tariff presented as current.); https://www.sarajevo.ba/robots.txt (HTTP 200, 21,708 bytes, and the largest robots.txt in this corpus by an order of magnitude.
It is a blocklist: several hundred named crawlers, each given its own 'User-agent:' stanza and 'Disallow:/', from 01h4x.com and AhrefsBot through to zgrab. There is no 'User-agent: *' section anywhere in it, so a crawler not on the list is permitted by omission rather than by permission, and we are not on the list.
It declares no Sitemap either, and /sitemap.xml answers HTTP 200 by redirecting to the home page — 71 KB of HTML, no inventory. So the City of Sarajevo's own site bounds nothing, which is why the cantonal ministry's register is the denominator here. Nothing was requested from a path this file closes.); https://www.sluzbenilist-sa.ba/robots.txt (getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND, and so is the apex without www.
This is the host the previous cycle nominated as the Sarajevo Canton gazette and the (gg) mandated-local-gazette candidate, and it does not exist.
Recorded rather than quietly dropped, because a handover that names a host is making a claim and the next cycle should not spend a second request on it: Službene novine Kantona Sarajevo is published by JP NIO Službeni list BiH at www.sluzbenilist.ba, alongside Službeni glasnik BiH and Službene novine FBiH, under /Docs/index/ks.); https://ks.gov.ba/robots.txt (HTTP 200, 2,027 bytes, the stock Drupal file — and 'Disallow: /search/' with 'Disallow: /index.php/search/' in it.
The same file is served by every cantonal host we touched, ks.gov.ba, mup.ks.gov.ba, ms.ks.gov.ba and skupstina.ks.gov.ba, so the whole cantonal estate closes its search boxes and opens everything else. A sixth publisher in this corpus of that shape, after cylaw.org, legilux.public.lu, likumi.lv, lex.bg and beograd.rs.
Nothing was requested from /search/; the ministry's faceted register view, which is a different route with its own GET parameters, was enumerated instead. ks.gov.ba/sitemap.xml answers HTTP 400 and the file declares no Sitemap line, so the register view is also the only inventory the estate offers.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is the first country in this sweep whose scheme is legislated neither by the state, nor by the entity, nor by the city, but by a canton — and finding it meant starting at the right storey of a four-storey building.
The two hosts the previous cycle nominated were both wrong: www.sluzbenilist-sa.ba does not resolve in DNS at all, and www.sarajevo.ba answers a 21,708-byte robots.txt that names several hundred crawlers and blocks them one by one while never writing a 'User-agent: *' section, so we are permitted by omission — and its sitemap.xml redirects to the home page, so there is nothing to enumerate behind it.
The canton is where the rule lives. skupstina.ks.gov.ba refused Node with UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE and scripts/aia-chain.mjs verified it from Sectigo's own published intermediate at the first attempt, which is the second country in a row that recipe has saved.
What opened the scheme was the operating ministry's own register: ms.ks.gov.ba/propisi/propisi, a faceted Drupal view of every regulation the Ministarstvo saobraćaja Kantona Sarajevo applies, eight pages, filterable by instrument type and by legal source, addressable by a plain ?page= parameter — and forbidden only where every Drupal site is, at /search/ and /admin/, which makes this the sixth publisher in the corpus whose search box sits on a route its robots.txt closes.
Page six of that register carries the scheme: a Pravilnik pricing permits to enter pedestrian zones and streets closed to traffic, and page one carries its parent, the Zakon o uređenju saobraćaja na području Kantona Sarajevo, with the consolidated chain 30/17, 46/17, 1/22 printed in the row and all three texts attached as free PDFs.
Reading all three mattered: the 2021 amendment replaces Articles 42, 43, 44, 47, 48 and 105 in full, so the 2017 text alone would have shipped a 10 km/h speed limit that has been walking pace since January 2022, a list of permit categories whose letters have all moved, and no fine at all. The gap is the money, and it was the gazette's index that found it.
Službene novine Kantona Sarajevo is published by JP NIO Službeni list BiH at www.sluzbenilist.ba, a host with no robots.txt whatever, whose title search is a plain GET form: 'budžet' returns 220, 'zzqqxxyy' returns none, and 'danom objavljivanja' — in the body of nearly every act it holds — also returns none, which is how we know it indexes titles only.
That index shows two instruments the ministry's own register omits: an amendment to the fee pravilnik three weeks after it was made (49/17), and the current Stari Grad municipal decision (21/26, May 2026) replacing the 2016 one.
Their bodies are behind a registration wall — the 'Pregled' link is a JavaScript login dialog with no document address in the markup — so the fee amounts are not published as current and the municipal conditions are not stated at all.
Sarajevo is published on the cantonal act, with the permit requirement, the mass and speed limits and the 50-to-250 KM fine; nothing about Ilijaš, which the same index shows legislating for its own pedestrian zone in 19/26, is claimed here.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 28 years of the City of Skopje's official gazette, 1999 to 2026, each expandable to its issues and each issue to its acts. The newest document in it is Службен гласник 9/2026 of 10 September 2026.
The scheme's own chain counts 3 on the phrase in its title — the base decision 2/16 and the amendments 12/17 and 4/18 — and that count is what this record's monitor watches from Град Скопје — the Електронски службен гласник, the City's own gazette, as a Domino full-text search over every act of the Council since 1999.
Controlled before use with four probes, the fourth being a body word absent from every title, which is how it was measured as full text rather than a title index. The denominator for this country: the scheme's chain, and the absence of any emission-based or plate-based restriction, are both counted on it, 7 permit services the City of Skopje publishes, each with its issuing unit, procedure and required documents.
The controlled-traffic-regime entry states the permit in the City's own words as covering the recording of vehicle movement in zones forbidden to traffic, worked with a system of electronic cards, and requires an applicant to name which pedestrian zone the request concerns from Град Скопје — 'Одобренија', the City's own catalogue of the permissions it issues, which is where the operating side of the scheme is stated rather than the legal side.
Seven services, of which two are this one: 'Контролиран режим на сообраќај' and 'Услови на режим на сообраќај', both run by the Одделение за техничко регулирање на сообраќајот with a named officer and counter hours. The evidence that the 2016 decision is in service rather than dormant.
We still cannot read https://www.slvesnik.com.mk/robots.txt (DNS resolves to 92.55.95.51 and TCP opens in 33 ms, then the TLS handshake fails with ECONNRESET after 12 seconds; curl gets an empty body over the same path. Nothing about this host has been measured — no certificate is ever presented, so there is no chain to complete and this is not the shape scripts/aia-chain.mjs repairs.
The national gazette of North Macedonia is therefore unread from this network, which is why this country's record carries a null penalty: the offence and the fine for ignoring a traffic prohibition live in the Закон за безбедност на сообраќајот на патиштата, which only this publisher carries.
The city channel was used instead and it was enough for everything else (B-068).); https://ipserver1.skopje.gov.mk/e-skopje/sluzben%20glasnik%20so%20konverzija.nsf (TCP connects in 32 ms and TLS completes in 353 ms at TLSv1.2 with CN=*.skopje.gov.mk issued by GeoTrust TLS RSA CA G1 — and the certificate expired on 26 June 2022, four years ago, so Node refuses it with CERT_HAS_EXPIRED and rejectUnauthorized stays true.
This is a real trust failure rather than the missing-intermediate shape that scripts/aia-chain.mjs repairs, and it is not repaired. The same application answers normally over plain HTTP, which is the address the City itself links from its own footer, so the gazette is readable and its readings are cited with the reason written out and shown to the reader (D-133).
Recorded here as a measurement rather than a blocker, because nothing is blocked: every fact in the Skopje record came off this host.); https://skopje.gov.mk/media/2829/tovaren-soobrakjaj_sp-crtezhi.pdf (HTTP 200, 44,710,570 bytes, 36 pages — the only traffic document the City publishes on its own site, a freight-routing drawing set, and no page yields a single line of extractable text.
A grep for 'зона' across all 36 matches nothing, because there is nothing to match.
This is the D-120 shape again, a map that is a picture, and it is why the Skopje record's boundary coverage is not_published rather than unattempted.); https://skopje.gov.mk/Search?query=%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0 (HTTP 200 and permitted — the host serves no robots.txt at all — but useless as a denominator, which is the Rīga shape (D-126).
A two-word query returns 'Вкупно пронајдени резултати од пребарувањето: 753', matching each word independently across the whole portal, and the act itself is not among the results because the portal does not hold it. The gazette's own Domino search was used instead, and unlike this one it was controlled before it was trusted.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
North Macedonia is the thirtieth country in this sweep and the first whose scheme was published against the publisher's own transport-layer failure rather than against a paywall, a bot wall or a licence.
The national channel is shut and shut hard: www.slvesnik.com.mk, the Службен весник на Република Северна Македонија, resolves, opens TCP in 33 ms and then resets the connection during the TLS handshake, and curl gets the same nothing — an ECONNRESET before any certificate is presented, which is the shape there is nothing to repair (B-068).
The city channel is the opposite and it is wide open. skopje.gov.mk answers HTTP 404 for its robots.txt, which is the maximum permission there is, and the City's own footer links its Електронски службен гласник — an IBM Domino application at ipserver1.skopje.gov.mk holding every act of the Council of the City of Skopje since 1999, browsable by year and issue, and with a full-text search that answers a plain GET.
That search was controlled with four probes rather than three: 'сообраќај' returns results, 'zzqqxxyy' returns 0, and 'влегува' — a word in the closing article of virtually every act and in no title — also returns results, which measures it as full text and not a title index, so a zero from it bounds the whole corpus of acts rather than their headings.
The archive is current to Службен гласник 9/2026 of 10 September 2026, six days before this reading. What it holds is a restriction. The Одлука за организирање и дефинирање на условите за доставување на стока (2/16, 19 February 2016) divides the city's public surfaces into four zones, and article 4(3) makes six named central surfaces — ул.
Македонија, ул. 11 Октомври, ул. Никола Вапцаров, Кеј 13 Ноември, Стара Скопска Чаршија and Филип 2-ри Македонски — places where motor-vehicle traffic is forbidden outright, with goods delivery under a City permit the only exception.
Reading the whole chain mattered again: two amendments exist, 12/17 and 4/18, and both touch the timetable. The 2017 one shortened the narrow-area delivery window between 1 December and 31 March expressly 'заради намалување на загадувањето', to reduce pollution; the 2018 one made that window permanent all year and deleted the seasonal paragraph.
A cycle reading only the base text would have published a 09:00–14:00 window that has not existed since 21 March 2018.
The negative worth having is the emission one, and it was taken against the publisher rather than against the act: ЕУРО* over the whole gazette returns 33 documents and every one is a fuel procurement, an environmental programme, a vehicle purchase or an association name — not one is a restriction keyed to an emission class, and 'непарн*' returns 0, so there is no odd-and-even plate scheme either.
Skopje has some of the worst winter air in Europe and its Council's answer, in its own words, was to move the lorries to the night rather than to read anyone's engine.
The obstacle here was ours, not the publisher's, and it is recorded as a decision rather than a blocker: ipserver1.skopje.gov.mk does serve HTTPS, on a wildcard certificate for *.skopje.gov.mk that expired on 26 June 2022, and an expired certificate is a genuine trust failure this project does not repair — unlike a missing intermediate, which scripts/aia-chain.mjs completes from the CA's own copy.
So the gazette is readable only over plain HTTP, the corpus required every source URL to be https, and the choice was between citing the City's own working address and dropping a country's primary legal text. D-133 chose the first and made the exception cost a written sentence that the reader is shown.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 1,213 rows of the City of Tirana's central public-service register, each naming a service, the counter that takes it, the fee, the decision period, the validity of the document and the legal acts the procedure rests on.
Service 11.21 is the one that matters — 'Kërkesë për pajisje me Autorizim qarkullimi brënda unazës së qytetit', free of charge, thirty days, resting on VKB nr. 2, datë 30.03.2009, i ndryshuar from Bashkia Tiranë — 'Regjistri i Shërbimeve Publike', the City's own register of every public service it offers, published as an .xlsx from /faqe/regjistri-i-sherbimeve-publike and dated 10 August 2026 in its own filename.
This is the denominator for Albania: the existence of a vehicle access restriction in Tirana, and the identity of the act that creates it, are both counted on it rather than on the sitemap or the search, 4,476 URLs of the City of Tirana's website, of which the thirty scheme keywords this corpus searches match seven, all EU project pages.
A large inventory that bounds nothing about legal acts, because the site publishes news and not law (0/r) from Bashkia Tiranë — the City's own sitemap, measured before any claim was made about what the site does not contain.
We still cannot read https://bashkiashkoder.gov.al/wp-json/wp/v2/types (HTTP 200 carrying a WAF refusal page instead of JSON: 'Faqja e kerkuar nuk mund te shfaqet sepse requesti i derguar nga browseri juaj permban kod keqdashes' — the request your browser sent contains malicious code.
It is the /wp-json/ path itself that is refused, not us: the same host serves its robots.txt (200 bytes, nothing relevant disallowed) and every HTML page asked for today without complaint, including the full council register. We do not dress a request up to get past it.
The consequence is narrow and worth stating: Shkodër's ~860 council decisions are readable only through 43 pages of /vendimet-e-keshillit-bashkiak-2/, because the two cheap doors — the REST API and the site search — are closed and half-closed respectively.); https://durres.gov.al/njoftim-per-kufizim-qarkullimi-mjetesh-ne-bulevardin-epidamn/ (HTTP 200 and fully readable — recorded as a measured EXPIRY rather than a wall.
This is Durrës's summer pedestrian scheme on bulevardi 'Epidamn', 19:00–23:00 from the Prefektura to the Torra Veneciane, and the City publishes it as an annual notice: 29.06.2024–15.09.2024 here, 01.07.2025–31.08.2025 in the 2025 notice at /mbi-organizimin-e-planit-te-levizjes-se-automjeteve-ne-bulevardin-epidamn-duke-filluar-nga-data-01-07-2025-deri-me-date-31-08-2025/.
The latest published instance ran out on 31 August 2025 and no 2026 instance is published, so there is nothing in force to record. If a 2026 or 2027 notice appears, Durrës becomes Albania's second city in one sitting: the boundary is two named landmarks, the hours are explicit, and the diversions are named street by street.); https://tirana.gov.al/robots.txt (getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND — the host does not exist.
It was named as the City of Tirana in the previous cycle's handover, which makes it the second handover-named host in three cycles to be wrong, after www.sluzbenilist-sa.ba. The working host is tirana.al.
Recorded so the next cycle does not spend a request rediscovering it.); https://tirana.al/kategoria-e-publikimit/vendime-keshilli-bashkiak (HTTP 404, and it is the City's own transparency programme that links here, under the heading 'Vendimet, urdhëresat dhe urdhrat e Këshillit të Bashkisë me karakter normativ'.
The companion link for the mayor's normative acts does answer 200, and holds exactly one document: a June 2023 table of how many people were served at each administrative unit's counter.
The register of normative acts that Albanian law 119/2014 requires is, in practice, not there.); https://tirana.al/uploads/2025/4/20250417082253_urdher-kryetari.pdf (HTTP 200, 448,589 bytes, 2 pages, and zero extractable text — a scan. The 2019 mayor's order at /uploads/2019/5/20190530111234_urdherese-pdf.pdf behaves identically: 688,732 bytes, 2 pages, nothing to read.
The few normative acts Tirana does publish are pictures of paper, which is the D-120 shape for the fifth time in this corpus, and OCR is not a substitute — it would make our reading, not the publisher's text, the source of a fee or an hour.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Albania is PUBLISHED as of 2026-09-20, and the sentence that had kept it closed was ours rather than the City's. Read the correction before the older account below it. The 2026-09-16 sweep concluded that Tirana's publication register at /kategoria-e-publikimit holds 'a single-digit number of documents and no archive of council decisions at all'.
That is false, and the reason is the shape this corpus keeps meeting: the register's table is drawn by JavaScript, so walking the HTML finds nothing while the register itself is complete.
The endpoint is in the page's own script — GET /Information/PublicationSearch?pageNumber=&pageSize=&filter=, answering JSON — and it was controlled in the B-055 order before anything was claimed from it: robots.txt HTTP 200, 86 bytes, only /cgi-bin/ disallowed; blind negative filter=ZZZZQQQQXK returns totalPublication 0; positive filter=rrug returns 296 with 2026 decisions at the top.
Against that, filter=bllok returns 133, filter=autorizim 94, filter=transportit 62, filter=tarifave vendore 54. The year pages under the register do render server-side in full — number, date, title and a PDF link per row, back to 1993 — so the archive was always addressable. What came out of it is the record this country now has: vendim nr.
37, datë 29.09.2008 of the Këshilli Bashkiak Tiranë, 'Mbi caktimin e zonës së «Ish bllokut», si zonë me trafik të kufizuar', a text PDF of 3,570 extractable characters designating the Blloku quarter between bulevardi Dëshmorët e Kombit, bulevardi Bajram Curri, rruga Abdyl Frashëri and rruga Sami Frashëri as a limited traffic zone, enforced with remote-controlled electronic bollards and entered through lejekalime.
Two measurements belong with it. The register indexes that act as no. 38 while the document's own heading reads nr.
37, and the offset is systematic rather than a typo — the act the register calls no. 37, on the same sitting, reads nr. 36 in its own heading.
And the 'Autorizim qarkullimi brënda unazës së qytetit' service that the 2026-09-16 sweep found in the City's service register turns out NOT to be a general access restriction: its cited basis, VKB nr.
2, datë 30.03.2009, is 'Mbi miratimin e rregullores, për organizimin dhe funksionimin e shërbimit taksi në qytetin e Tiranës' — the taxi service regulation — whose covering decision is published and whose annexed rregullore is not. What remains unreadable in Albania is narrower than it was: the City's consolidated fiscal package, VKB nr.
158 of 26.12.2019 as amended, is a Word 97 .doc, a format this project now refuses to decode rather than guess at (D-202). Everything from here to the end of this finding is the 2026-09-16 account, kept because its other measurements stand. Start with the correction: the host the previous handover nominated for the City of Tirana, tirana.gov.al, does not resolve at all.
The real one is tirana.al, and it is as open as a publisher gets — an 86-byte robots.txt whose only Disallow values are an empty one and /cgi-bin/, and a sitemap of 4,476 URLs. That sitemap is also the first disappointment: every entry in it is a news article or a static page, and the thirty scheme keywords this corpus searches return seven matches, all of them EU circular-economy project pages.
The site search is addressable over a plain GET at /kerko?search=, but its four tabs are articles, pages, categories and points of interest — documents are not among them, so it is permitted and useless as a denominator, which is the Rīga shape (D-126).
The publication register at /kategoria-e-publikimit was then walked in full, all eleven top categories and their year folders, and between them they hold a single-digit number of documents and no archive of council decisions at all. What did work is a spreadsheet.
The City publishes its Regjistri i Shërbimeve Publike as an .xlsx, updated on 10 August 2026, 1,213 rows across four sheets, and row 835 is the scheme: 'Kërkesë për pajisje me Autorizim qarkullimi brënda unazës së qytetit' — a request for an authorisation to circulate inside the city ring road.
The register gives its fee as 'Pa pagesë', free of charge, a thirty-day decision period, and a legal basis that names the instrument exactly: Ligji 8378/1998, the Albanian road code, and VKB nr. 2, datë 30.03.2009, i ndryshuar — a decision of the Tirana municipal council, as amended. So a restriction exists, entry to it needs an authorisation, and that authorisation costs nothing.
What is not known is which vehicles it binds, at which hours, and where the ring is drawn, and none of that can be invented. The act is not published. Tirana's transparency programme, which Albanian law 119/2014 requires it to keep, links two registers of normative acts: the council's returns HTTP 404, and the mayor's returns HTTP 200 with exactly one document in it, a table of service statistics for June 2023.
The mayor's orders that are published are two-page PDFs with zero extractable text — scans, the D-120 shape for a fifth time. e-albania.al was asked as the fourth door: its robots.txt is a 404, which is maximum permission, and its open API answers that Bashkia Tiranë has two services listed there, neither of them this one.
The country therefore stays unpublished with a named instrument rather than a shrug, and B-069 records the wall so the next cycle spends its requests on a new country instead (D-135). Cycle 117 went looking for Albania's SECOND city and came back with doors rather than a record, so both are written down here.
Five municipal hosts were found by DNS alone, at no cost to any server: durres.gov.al, bashkiashkoder.gov.al, vlora.gov.al, bashkiakorce.gov.al and elbasani.gov.al — and four of those five answer on ONE address, 134.0.41.206, which means Shkodër, Vlora, Korçë and Fier share a platform and whatever opens one opens four.
Durrës is a WordPress site whose REST search does answer: /wp-json/wp/v2/search reaches its posts and pages, and the only vehicle restriction in it is seasonal.
Bulevardi 'Epidamn' is closed to traffic and parking on summer evenings — 29.06.2024 to 15.09.2024 from 19:00 to 23:00 in the first notice, 01.07.2025 to 31.08.2025 in the second — from the Prefektura to the Torra Veneciane, with named one-way diversions on rruga Karl Topia, Gjergj Komnino, Telha Çela and 11 Dëshmorët e Stanit.
It is a njoftim rather than a council act, the latest published instance EXPIRED on 31 August 2025, and nothing for 2026 is published: a rule that has run out is not a rule in force, so nothing is recorded from it.
Shkodër is the opposite shape and the better lead: its council register is complete, current and readable as plain HTML — /vendimet-e-keshillit-bashkiak-2/ lists number, date and the full subject line of every decision with a [Shkarko Aktin] link, the newest being nr. 63 datë 29.07.2026 — but it is reachable only by walking 43 pages.
Neither of the two cheap doors into it works: /wp-json/ is refused by a WAF that answers 'requesti i derguar nga browseri juaj permban kod keqdashes', and the site's own search does not index the vendime_te_keshillit post type, with ?s=pedonale and ?s=qarkullim&post_type=vendime_te_keshillit both returning job adverts and pages instead of decisions. posts_per_page=300 is ignored.
So Shkodër is openable for about 43 paced requests and no fewer, and that is a decision for a cycle that wants to spend them. In Tirana itself three register filter words are now USED UP, measured one request each: filter=kufizuar returns 13 titles of which exactly 2 are traffic and both are already records (nr. 38/2008 Blloku, nr.
27/2007 Parku i Madh) and the other 11 are disability or limited-liability-company acts; filter=parkim returns 21, all of them Tirana Parking's institution and tariff acts, underground garages, construction traffic-plan orders and two administrative appeals; filter=unaz returns 28, all rent bonuses for expropriation on the Unaza e Madhe plus construction and naming acts. 62 titles, no third scheme.
What is still unmeasured in Tirana is filter=transportit (62) and filter=trafik (7).
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 354 gazetted acts of Glavni grad Podgorica, each row naming the title, the edition it appeared in, the register number, the act type and a Status field that moves between Važeći and Nevažeći.
The traffic act is one of them — 'Odluka o regulisanju saobraćaja na teritoriji Glavnog grada - Podgorice', Opštinski propisi 38/2013, register number 1443, Važeći from Službeni list Crne Gore — the national gazette's own faceted index of regulations, filtered to the City of Podgorica by the publisher's own legislator code (20, 'Glavni grad Podgorica').
This is the denominator for Montenegro: every act of the capital that has ever been gazetted is counted here, with its edition, register number, act type and in-force status on the row, 3,530 URLs of the City of Podgorica's website, gathered from 24 of the 34 sitemaps the index names, against which the thirty scheme keywords this corpus searches match none.
A large inventory that bounds nothing about legal acts, because the City's sitemap indexes news posts and department pages and the acts live in the national gazette (0/r) from Glavni grad Podgorica — the City's own sitemap index, measured before any claim was made about what the City does not publish.
We still cannot read https://www.sluzbenilist.me/propisi/314303 (HTTP 200 and permitted, and still unreadable: the act's text is served as a single base64-encoded JPEG inside the HTML, with the viewer declaring totalPages: 8. The page normalises to 1,084 characters, all of it metadata, and ?page=2 returns the identical 1,084 — the page parameter changes nothing server-side.
The 2021 amendment at /propisi/368619 behaves the same way with 3 pages. This is the whole Montenegrin gazette archive, not one bad document, and it is the D-120 shape for the sixth time in this corpus.
OCR is not a substitute: it would make our reading, and not the publisher's text, the source of an hour or a fee.); https://podgorica.me/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/zahtjev-za-izdavanje-saglasnosti-za-kretanje-teretnih-i-prikljucnik-vozila-u-ulicama-gdje-je-zabranjen-saobracaj-za-teretna-i-prikljucna-vozila.pdf (HTTP 200, 314,147 bytes, 1 page, and effectively zero extractable text — a scan.
This is the City's own request form for consent to drive goods and trailer vehicles in streets where that traffic is prohibited, dated 30 March 2026, and it is the proof that a freight access restriction exists in Podgorica today.
It is not proof of which streets, which hours, which vehicles or what it costs, and none of that can be invented.); https://starisajt.podgorica.me/ (TLS completes in 197 ms on TLSv1.3, and the certificate — CN=starisajt.podgorica.me, issuer E8 — expired on 29 July 2026, so the chain is untrusted and this project does not repair that.
Unlike ipserver1.skopje.gov.mk, there is no plain-HTTP way in: port 80 accepts the connection and closes the socket without answering, and curl returns empty on both http:// and https://. The narrow insecure_note exception of D-133 therefore does not reach this host, and V-025 still has exactly one user.
The City links here as 'Stari sajt' from every page.); https://www.sluzbenilist.me/propisi?type=0&editionType=1 (HTTP 200 and 'nemamo rezultata' — while every Podgorica act's own detail page states its edition as exactly 'Službeni list Crne Gore - Opštinski propisi'.
The edition facet the publisher offers in its own search form therefore returns nothing for the edition the publisher itself records, which makes it decoration rather than a filter (the D-128 shape). Recorded so the next cycle does not read a zero here as a statement about Montenegrin municipal law. The facet that does work is legislator.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Montenegro is the thirty-second country in this sweep, and it is the Albania shape arrived at from the opposite direction: in Albania the register was thin and the act was named by a spreadsheet, here the register is the best-built one this sweep has met in the Balkans and the act is still a picture.
Both publishers are open. podgorica.me serves a 116-byte robots.txt that forbids only /wp-admin/, and www.sluzbenilist.me serves 24 bytes — 'User-agent: *' and a 'Disallow:' with an empty value, which is maximum permission and the D-128 shape.
The gazette's search advertises itself as a client-side Alpine component with no form element at all, which would once have been called unaddressable; its own JavaScript then builds a plain GET, and every facet works over the query string, so the D-133 rule — try the GET before you name it (ff) — paid a second time.
What that GET gives is a real denominator: legislator=20, the gazette's own code for Glavni grad Podgorica, returns 354 acts of the City, each row carrying the title, the edition, the register number, the act type and a Status field. Two properties of that search had to be measured before any of it could be used.
It matches whole words and not fragments — 'montažnih' with the Podgorica facet returns 1 and 'montažni' returns 0 — so 'saobraćaj' returning nothing is a word-form artefact and 'saobraćaja' returns the act.
And it is a title index rather than full text: 'stupa' returns 1 and 'objavljivanja' 45 across the entire gazette, though both words are in the body of nearly every act ever published, which is the Bosnian answer to probe (c) rather than the Skopje one.
The archive is current — the newest municipal edition is 43/2026 of 7 September 2026, nine days before this reading — so a claim that nothing newer exists is worth something. The act is Odluka o regulisanju saobraćaja na teritoriji Glavnog grada - Podgorice, Službeni list Crne Gore - Opštinski propisi br.
38/2013, register number 1443, published 24 December 2013, and the publisher's own relation graph resolves its whole chain: 27/2015 in force from 13 August 2015, 34/2016 in force from 9 August 2016, and 26/2021 in force from 6 August 2021.
All four read Status: Važeći, and that field is evidence rather than decoration, because it moves — a search filtered to the Parliament returns 19 Važeći against 5 Nevažeći on one page, which is the D-100 test passed. The graph has one property worth carrying: it is complete in only one direction. The base act's page lists a single amendment, the 2021 one; the 2021 amendment's own page names all three acts it changes.
Read the newest member first, or two thirds of the chain stays invisible. What cannot be done is read any of it. The gazette serves act text as a base64-encoded JPEG inside the HTML — the base act declares totalPages: 8, the 2021 amendment 3 — and the page normalises to 1,084 characters of metadata, with ?page=2 returning the identical 1,084.
So the entire national gazette archive is scans, the D-120 shape for the sixth time, and OCR is not a substitute here for the same reason it was not in Tirana.
That a scheme exists is not in doubt: the City publishes a request form for a 'saglasnost za kretanje teretnih i priključnih vozila u ulicama gdje je zabranjen saobraćaj za teretna i priključna vozila' — consent to drive goods and trailer vehicles in streets where such traffic is banned — dated 30 March 2026, which is a freight access restriction in the Belgrade family.
That form is also a scan: 314,147 bytes, one page, nothing extractable. Four further doors were asked and each gave a clean answer.
The City's old site, starisajt.podgorica.me, completes TLS on a certificate that expired on 29 July 2026, and unlike Skopje there is no plain-HTTP fallback — port 80 closes the socket and curl returns empty on both schemes — so the narrow insecure_note exception of D-133 does not reach it and V-025 still has exactly one user. skupstina.podgorica.me, the City Assembly's own portal, is open, serves a valid certificate and exposes a WordPress REST API, but its media archive begins in 2023 and 'regulisanju' returns nothing. parkingservispg.me is the City's operator and its zones are parking zones, which D-129 already settled is not an entry scheme.
And the (mm) recipe that opened Albania is empty here: exactly one of the City's secretariats publishes a Katalog usluga, and it is not the traffic one.
Montenegro therefore joins Albania as measured and unpublished — but with more recovered than Albania had, because the instrument, its three amendments, their in-force dates and a status field that demonstrably moves are all in hand, and the title index that holds them answers a plain GET. If those scans are ever replaced by text, or the act is found in a readable channel, this country can be published in one sitting.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 865 distinct act pages of the rs/GE, counted as unique htm/rsg_*.htm links in the index.
Controlled before it was trusted: the two acts this record rests on are both in it (K 1 70.09 and K 1 70) and a blind negative returns nothing from République et canton de Genève — the Table systématique du rs/GE, the canton's own systematic index of its legislation in force, served as one static HTML document from the legal portal's home frame.
This is the denominator for Geneva: every cantonal act in force is a row in it, with its rsGE number, its title and its date of adoption, and every row links the act's own full text at a stable address, 27,743 URLs of the canton's website across 14 sitemap pages, of which 39 match the Stick'AIR vocabulary and six are the scheme's own service pages — the dispositif and perimeter, how to determine a macaron, where to buy one, the current bulletin and alert levels, free public transport at levels 2 and 3, and the questions page. robots.txt on this host permits all of them; only /search/ is closed from République et canton de Genève — the canton's own sitemap index at www.ge.ch, measured before any claim was made about what the canton does or does not publish about this scheme.
We still cannot read https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/2019/785/fr (HTTP 200, 77,119 bytes, and no act in them: fedlex serves its entire classified compilation as a JavaScript application whose shell says so in five languages.
The blind negative control is what makes this a measurement rather than a wrong guess at a URL — https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/9999/zzqqxxyy/fr returns the identical 77,119 bytes, so the ELI paths the publisher lists in its own sitemap-act-1..5.xml bound nothing and cannot be read (the D-131 / B-066 shape).
The consequence for this corpus is narrow and named: the Cour de justice held in 2020 that driving inside Geneva's perimeter without an authorised macaron is a FEDERAL offence punished by a 100-franc amende d'ordre under annexe 1 of the Ordonnance sur les amendes d'ordre, and we cannot read that ordinance as it stands today, so the Geneva record's penalty is null with the reasoning written out rather than a figure copied from a six-year-old judgment.); https://app2.ge.ch/tergeoservices/rest/services/Hosted/SPAIR_STICK_AIR/FeatureServer/0 (HTTP 200, open, keyless, geojson among its declared export formats, robots.txt on the host a 404 — and not usable, because the publisher's own licence field says so.
All seven catalogue items carrying this layer, including the current ones on vector.sitg.ge.ch created in February 2026, state 'Accès libre, usage privé' with the attribution '© 2026 SITG'. Free access for private use is not a licence to republish, and an open door is not a licence (D-125, D-138).
Recorded here so a later cycle does not spend an afternoon rediscovering an endpoint that answers perfectly and may not be used.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Switzerland is the thirty-third country in this sweep and the first in it whose restriction is switched on rather than left on.
Geneva's circulation différenciée exists all year and applies on almost no day of it: the Conseil d'État's Règlement régissant le dispositif d'urgence en cas de pics de pollution atmosphérique (RPics, rsGE K 1 70.09, of 6 November 2019, in force 15 January 2020) lets the department responsible for transport close the centre of the canton to the dirtiest vehicles by immediately enforceable decree when a pollution peak is measured or forecast, and the canton has done it twice between 2020 and August 2025.
The channel is the cleanest in the Balkans-and-after stretch of this sweep, and it was reached by following the previous cycle's own unfinished lead rather than by guessing. silgeneve.ch answers HTTP 404 for robots.txt, the maximum permission there is.
Its legal portal is an ASP.NET WebForms page whose search posts to itself, which the last cycle correctly refused to call unaddressable before looking at the client JavaScript (D-136); the JavaScript turned out to be beside the point, because the frameset's own home frame loads program/books/rsg/toc.htm, a 725 KB static Table systématique du rs/GE holding 865 act pages at plain, stable, extensionless-free URLs of the form htm/rsg_<code>.htm.
That is the denominator, it is titled 'Textes en vigueur', and the row for this scheme reads 'K 1 70.09 — Règlement régissant le dispositif d'urgence en cas de pics de pollution atmosphérique (RPics)'.
The act page it points at carries the full text, its own in-force marker, the date of its last modification, the classification annexe as a PDF and — the part no other publisher in this corpus does — the two judgments of the Chambre constitutionnelle of the Cour de justice that were brought against it, linked from the act itself.
ACST/26/2020 of 27 August 2020 partly upheld an appeal by ASTAG Genève and the TCS, annulled articles 11, 13 and 15(2), and the Conseil d'État re-enacted the two threshold articles on 11 November 2020 with the PM10 and NO2 triggers raised by 50 per cent to comply.
The scheme itself is a six-class sticker scheme — the Stick'AIR macaron, 0 to 5 plus hors catégorie, identical in requirements and numbering to the French Crit'Air, which Geneva recognises — and the three alert levels bar macaron 5 and unclassified vehicles, then 4, then 3, inside the perimeter of the moyenne ceinture routière between 06:00 and 22:00. Two things did not open.
The perimeter is published as vector geometry by the cantonal SITG over a feature service, a WFS, a WMS and a map service with no key and no robots.txt, and every catalogue item carrying it states its licence as 'Accès libre, usage privé' — free access for private use — so the geometry is linked rather than held (D-138).
And the federal publisher is shut: www.fedlex.admin.ch declares five act sitemaps and serves every ELI path in them as a JavaScript application, byte for byte the same 77,119-byte shell for a real act and for a deliberately nonsensical path, so the federal fixed-fine ordinance behind the entry offence could not be read and this record publishes no penalty figure.
That is a gap in one number, not in the scheme: everything a driver needs to know about whether they may drive is cantonal, and the canton publishes all of it.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 1,709 gazetted municipal acts across all 38 municipalities in the two categories that could carry a vehicle restriction — 1,043 Rregullore and 666 Vendime — of which 951 titles are readable from here, the facet returning the newest twenty per municipality and the rest sitting behind __doPostBack.
Complete for 18 of 38 municipalities in Rregullore and 26 of 38 in Vendime; the sweep prints which is which rather than averaging them from Gazeta Zyrtare e Republikës së Kosovës — the national gazette's advanced search, faceted by the publisher's own institution and act-category codes over the query string, swept across all 38 municipalities.
This is the national denominator for Kosovo: an act of a Kosovar municipality that was ever gazetted is counted here, with its title, its act number and its publication date on the row, 64 uploaded regulation documents of the City of Pristina, 2008 to 2025.
Controlled before it was trusted: rregullore_per_rruget_lokale.pdf returns HTTP 200 and 9,136,899 bytes and 3._rregullore_prishtina_parking.pdf returns HTTP 200 and 4,926,971 bytes, so the uploads path is live; exactly one link, the 2013 road-transport regulation, returns the publisher's own soft 404, which is a broken link in a working register rather than a wall from Komuna e Prishtinës — the City of Pristina's own register of municipal regulations, grouped by year and linking each document directly.
The second denominator required by D-132: it reaches back to 2008, where the gazette facet's first page stops at 2018. We still cannot read https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=8688 (HTTP 200, permitted, richly informative and still not the act.
This page gives the act's legal basis, every amendment and repeal in both directions, its subordinate instruments and its gazette issue, each as a plain GET link — one of the best metadata layers in this corpus.
The document itself is reachable only through <input type="image"> postback controls (imgDownload, ingView, and imgGzkDoc on OfficialGazetteDetail.aspx); there is no Download endpoint, https://gzk.rks-gov.net/sitemap.xml is HTTP 404, and every link on consolidatedacts.aspx returns to the index. A new channel shape, recorded as B-071: the catalogue is addressable and the document is not.
It is not the D-132 shape — nothing here is sold or gated, the wall is a WebForms artefact — and it is not the unaddressable-search shape either, because the catalogue answers a plain GET perfectly.); https://api.openrouteservice.org/geocode/search?boundary.country=XK (HTTP 400, 'XK is not a valid ISO2/ISO3 country code', and the same for XKX.
This is recorded because the obstacle is ours, not the publisher's, and the previous cycle had asked the right question about the wrong layer: our own validator accepts XK without change, since src/domain/validate.ts tests country against /^[A-Z]{2}$/ and consults no standard list. It is the geocoder's country filter that refuses Kosovo.
If Kosovo ever becomes publishable, the city anchor has to be obtained without boundary.country, or from Overpass, and verified by hand — measured here so that it need not be measured again.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Kosovo is the thirty-fourth country in this sweep and the first European one whose negative is about the law rather than about access. Albania and Montenegro were set aside because a scheme demonstrably exists and its text is a photograph; here both publishers are open, the title index reads cleanly, and there is no such act in it.
The national gazette, gzk.rks-gov.net, serves a 252-byte robots.txt that closes only plumbing — App_Data, Controls, Images, Scripts — and the SOAP endpoint /gzk.asmx, which is therefore never called. Its advanced search is an ASP.NET WebForms page posting to itself, so the free-text box is unaddressable in the usual way: a txtSeach parameter on the query string returns the unfiltered 25,847-act total.
Its two facets are not. InstID and CatID are read from the query string, and the page echoes the chosen facet back in words, which is what makes the counts trustworthy: InstID=117 returns 149 acts of the City of Pristina and prints 'Komuna e Prishtinës', InstID=117 with CatID=23 returns 67 and prints 'Komuna e Prishtinës · Rregullore', and a blind InstID=99999 returns 0 with no institution echoed at all.
That last control is the whole argument, because a facet that was silently ignored would have made every per-city count a measurement of the gazette's own size. What the facets cannot do is page: page, pg, Year and date parameters are all ignored and the pager is __doPostBack, so one request yields the newest twenty of a facet.
Swept across all 38 Kosovar municipalities in the two categories that could carry a vehicle restriction, that is 1,043 gazetted Rregullore and 666 Vendime, of which 951 titles — 56 per cent, and complete for 18 and 26 municipalities respectively — were read.
They contain taxi regulations, road-transport regulations in at least nine municipalities, parking regulations in Pristina and Gjilan, tow-truck regulations and local-road regulations. They contain no low emission zone, no access restriction, no ZTL, no pedestrian-zone entry rule and no congestion charge; the only two hits on 'zon' are both free economic zones.
The second denominator agrees and reaches further back: the City of Pristina's own register at prishtinaonline.com publishes 64 regulations from 2008 to 2025 as direct PDFs, and its decision register runs session by session from 2013 to 2026, and neither holds such an act either. The gazette's own relation graph explains the shape of what is there.
Every municipal road-transport regulation names the same legal basis, LIGJI NR.04/L-179 PËR TRANSPORTIN RRUGOR of 13 June 2013, Official Gazette 21/2013, whose EU acquis field is 'transport policy' — a framework about carriage, not about access, which is why nine cities have the same regulation and none of them has a zone. What cannot be read is any act's text.
Every download and view control on the gazette, on act pages and on gazette-issue pages alike, is a postback image button; there is no Download endpoint, the sitemap is a 404, and the consolidated-acts page links only back into the index.
So this publisher gives away a complete, addressable catalogue and relation graph and not one document — recorded as B-071, because it would block a record if there were ever a record to write.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 2 regulations in force whose text mentions gongugotur — nr. 1240/2019, the fines regulation, and nr. 250/2024, the traffic-sign regulation.
Scope measured four ways before the count was trusted: positive control, loftgaedi, returns 9; blind negative, zzqqxxyy, returns 'Engar reglugerdir fundust' and no rows; a body word that appears in no title, svifryk, returns 787/1999 and 809/1999 whose titles do not contain it, which proves this is full text and not a title index; and the class control matters most — a search for hundahald returns five reglugerdir and NOT Reykjavik's own Samthykkt um hundahald, which establishes that municipal samthykktir are absent from this collection as a class, so the absence of the gongugotur samthykkt from it means nothing from Stjornarradid / Domsmalaraduneytid — Reglugerdasafn, the Icelandic national collection of regulations in force, served from island.is (and from the legacy host www.reglugerd.is, which serves the same application).
This is the denominator for anything made as a reglugerd: the collection states in its own words that it is the complete collection of regulations in force, published in the B division of Stjornartidindi, and its search reads their full text over a plain GET q parameter, 32,785 URLs across 17 sitemap pages.
Searched with Icelandic terms rather than the built-in Latin vocabulary, which returns zero here: gongugot and gongugata match 42, of which exactly one is a service page rather than a news item — reykjavik.is/gongugotur. samthykkt, reglur, loftgaedi and svifryk match 175, of which the non-news pages are the city's rules index, the health inspectorate's rules index and the Reykjavik air-quality page.
The rules index is the 0/a7 case: it lists the city's samthykktir on dog-keeping, street trading, signage and eleven other subjects, and does NOT list the gongugotur samthykkt, so a publisher's own register can be incomplete for its own rules from Reykjavikurborg — the city's own sitemap, measured before any claim was made about what the city does or does not publish about this scheme, 8 meetings in 2022 whose minutes mention gongugotur, among them borgarstjorn of 6 September 2022 and borgarrad nr.
5673 of 25 August 2022. Controlled: the same query with zzqqxxyy returns zero result links from Reykjavikurborg — the city's minutes search, an ordinary GET form on /fundargerdir taking combine, field_committee_target_id, date_from and date_to. This is the second denominator and the one that dated the act: it is where the adoption of the samthykkt is recorded.
We still cannot read https://www.stjornartidindi.is/ (HTTP 403 on the host root and HTTP 403 on /robots.txt, 118 bytes of nginx error page in both cases, with curl and with our own client. probe-tls.mjs answers reachable — TCP in 32 ms, TLSv1.2, CN=stjornartidindi.is, valid to 10 March 2027 — so this is an HTTP answer and not unreachability, and it was measured before a blocker number was given (0/d).
The cost is specific: Stjornartidindi's B division is where an Icelandic reglugerd and a confirmed municipal samthykkt legally take effect, so the authoritative dated text of the gongugotur samthykkt is behind it — which is exactly why this country's act had to be dated from council minutes.
Recorded as B-072.); https://www.althingi.is/robots.txt (HTTP 403 carrying a Cloudflare challenge page — 'Just a moment...', 5,649 bytes, script-src challenges.cloudflare.com. The same shape as Estonia's riigiteataja.ee (B-059) and Lithuania's e-tar.lt (B-063), and the same answer: we do not defeat bot protection. The cost is the text of umferdarlog nr.
77/2019, the enabling act, whose articles 10, 84 and 86 the samthykkt cites and whose article 10 the national fines regulation prices. It costs a quotation, not the country, because both regulations that depend on it are readable in full on island.is. Recorded as B-073.); https://gagnagatt.reykjavik.is/dataset?q=g%C3%B6ngug%C3%B6tur (HTTP 200 and empty: 'Engir gagnapakkar samraemast leitarordinu'.
Recorded because it is the licence channel rather than a wall. Reykjavik publishes the extent of its pedestrian streets as a numbered layer in its own Borgarvefsja map viewer, and the ArcGIS REST root behind that viewer answers without a key — 29 folders, fifteen services in the Borgarvefsja folder, none of them a pedestrian-street service.
With no dataset in the open-data catalogue there is no licence to rely on, and an open endpoint is not a grant (V-026), so the geometry is recorded as not_published rather than taken.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Iceland is the thirty-fifth country in this sweep and the thirty-fourth published, and it was reached by naming the candidate before measuring it rather than by trying doors. The reason for naming Iceland was a documented urban air-quality problem — svifryk, the road dust thrown up by studded tyres — and a national framework that plainly contemplates traffic restriction.
That framework exists and it is readable: reglugerd nr. 787/1999 um loftgaedi, article 6(2), lets the local health board restrict traffic and other activity in defined areas for short periods when pollution runs well over the environmental limits, and article 15(2) lets an action plan include stopping or limiting car traffic.
Reykjavik's health board has used the first power to write a plan rather than a zone: its Vidbragdsaaetlun um loftgaedi, first adopted in March 2009 and last updated in 2020, tabulates short-term measures against pollution sources and names two of them for traffic — restricting vehicles on studded tyres and restricting vehicles burning fossil fuel — each footnoted to article 6(2).
That is a standing power with no perimeter, no hours, no charge and no fine, and it is deliberately NOT published as a scheme here, because there is nothing in it a driver could be told to obey on a given day.
What is published is a different and entirely concrete restriction that the same city runs all year: gongugotur, pedestrian streets, under the Samthykkt um gongugotur i Reykjavik that borgarstjorn adopted on 6 September 2022 under articles 10, 84 and 86 of umferdarlog nr. 77/2019.
Driving a motor vehicle in one is prohibited outright, four named statuses get in, unloading has a window, and the fine is national and exact: reglugerd nr. 1240/2019 prices unauthorised motor traffic in a gongugata at ISK 20,000, in a table organised by article of the traffic act. The channel picture is mixed and worth stating precisely, because two of the four publishers are shut.
The national gazette, www.stjornartidindi.is, answers HTTP 403 on every path including robots.txt and including its own root, while TLS completes normally — so the B division, where an Icelandic samthykkt legally takes effect, cannot be read at all (B-072). The consolidated statute book at www.althingi.is is behind a Cloudflare interstitial, so the text of umferdarlog nr.
77/2019 itself is unreadable (B-073); the act is named, cited article by article, and priced by two regulations we CAN read, which is why that blocker costs a quotation rather than the country.
The two that are open are open generously. island.is answers HTTP 404 for robots.txt — the maximum permission there is — and serves the Reglugerdasafn, which describes itself as the complete collection of regulations in force and searches their full text over a plain GET query string; that was measured four ways before it was trusted. reykjavik.is serves a stock Drupal robots.txt closing only /search/ and administrative paths, and its minutes search is an ordinary GET form that answers a positive control with eight meetings and a blind negative with none.
One finding deserves recording on its own, because it is a new shape in this corpus: the publisher serves only placeholder-dated drafts of its own act.
The samthykkt linked from the city's service page as 'Samthykkt um gongugotur i Reykjavik' is a file named 'Drog ad samthykkt' whose closing line reads 'Samthykkt a fundi skipulags- og samgongurads thann XX. november 2021'; the agenda-item copy actually put to borgarrad on 25 August 2022 closes 'XX. juni 2022'.
Two texts, two different months, both with the day left as XX. The adoption date in this record therefore comes from the council minutes of 6 September 2022, which record item 1 of the 25 August minutes as approved under case number USK22060048, and never from the act file.
Reykjavik is the only Icelandic city published: the scheme is municipal, the samthykkt binds only roads Reykjavikurborg maintains, and no other Icelandic municipality was measured.
Read on the authority's own pages, which is as far as what they link goes.
We still cannot read https://actelocale.gov.md/robots.txt (HTTP 403 with 146 bytes of nginx error page, and the same 403 with the same 146 bytes for the host root and for /ro — so it is the whole host and not one path. probe-tls.mjs answers reachable: TCP in 32 ms, TLSv1.3, CN=*.gov.md, issued by Certum DV TLS G2 R39 CA, valid to 20 December 2026, and curl -sL on the root returns the same 146 bytes.
This is an HTTP answer rather than unreachability, measured before the blocker number was given (0/d), and it is the B-065 shape where the robots.txt is itself the 403. The cost is exactly measurable and it is the country: this is the Registrul de stat al actelor locale, the register HG nr. 672 din 28 august 2017 establishes for local acts, which is where any Chisinau municipal traffic decision would have to be.
Recorded as part of B-074.); https://www.legis.md/robots.txt (HTTP 403 carrying a Cloudflare challenge page — 'Just a moment...', 5,646 bytes, script-src challenges.cloudflare.com, cZone www.legis.md. The same shape as Estonia's riigiteataja.ee (B-059), Lithuania's e-tar.lt (B-063) and Iceland's althingi.is (B-073), and the same answer: we do not defeat bot protection.
The cost is the consolidated national legal database — the place a Moldovan act's text and amendment chain would be read. Recorded as part of B-074.); https://lex.justice.md/robots.txt (Connect timeout at 10 s from our client, then probe-tls.mjs: DNS resolves to 89.32.231.234, TCP reports connected in 32 ms, and the TLS handshake fails with ECONNRESET after 12,094 ms.
The calibration in that tool opens the same way for RFC 5737 addresses where no host can exist, so the TCP result is our own egress answering and says nothing about the host — the verdict is unmeasurable_from_here. This is the B-054, B-058 and B-068 shape, where no certificate is ever presented, so aia-chain.mjs has nothing to repair and was deliberately not run.
Recorded as part of B-074.); https://www.chisinau.md/robots.txt (HTTP 200, 25 bytes: 'User-agent: * / Disallow:/'. This is not a wall and it is not a blocker in the technical sense — it is the City of Chisinau excluding every automated client from every path of its site in writing, and the only correct response is to read nothing else there.
It is the www.lex.bg shape (D-129) without the named exceptions: a whole publisher closed by its own rule. Recorded so that no later cycle spends requests discovering it again. Note for honesty, because it was measured: the bare host chisinau.md answers HTTP 404 for robots.txt from nginx, which is a different vhost giving a different answer.
Using that difference to read the same site would be circumvention of a stated exclusion, so it was not used, and nothing on either host was fetched beyond these two robots.txt requests.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Moldova is the thirty-sixth country in this sweep, it was named before it was measured, and it is the first country whose most permissive publisher turned out to be the wrong publisher. The reason for naming it was the Romanian recipe: Moldova legislates in Romanian, so the channel that opened Bucharest — the operating authority's own register of decisions rather than the national gazette — should have been retryable.
It was not, and the reason is structural rather than technical.
Three doors were measured on the first three requests of the cycle and they came back maximally far apart. monitorul.gov.md, Monitorul Oficial, answers 'User-agent: * / Disallow:' with an empty value, which is the most permissive robots.txt in this corpus — nothing is forbidden. www.chisinau.md, the City itself, answers 'User-agent: * / Disallow:/', which excludes every crawler from everything in writing, and that is a rule we obey rather than a wall we measure around. www.legis.md, the consolidated national legal database, answers HTTP 403 with a Cloudflare interstitial.
So the gazette that is wide open was worked, and worked properly: the search is an ordinary GET on /ro/search taking keywords, from and to, it paginates on page=N with eight editions to a page, and its scope was measured five ways.
Positive controls: hotarire returns eight editions, emisii eight more with eight different ones on page two, circula returns hits dated 2026, and calitatea aerului returns the national air-quality law, Legea nr. 458-IX din 6 mai 2022. Blind negative: zzqqxxyy returns 'Nu au fost gasite rezultate'.
Freshness: restric returns editions dated 2 September 2026, a fortnight before this cycle. And the scope control that matters most — Contrasemneaza, a word in the signature block of every promulgated Moldovan law and in no table-of-contents title — returns zero, which proves this search is a title index over edition contents and not a full-text search.
Against that measured denominator the national answer is a clean negative: pieton returns zero, trafic limitat returns zero, zona cu trafic returns zero, emisii reduse returns only a development programme to 2030, and circula returns currency, customs and drug-trafficking acts and no access restriction. Then the class control settled why the negative cannot be extended to Chisinau.
Searching Consiliul municipal Chisinau does return the council, repeatedly — but always as the object of a national act about it: central election commission decisions on local elections, government decisions transferring property, court decisions annulling municipal decisions. Municipal decisions of Chisinau are not published in Monitorul Oficial as a class, so their absence from it is not a finding (0/f).
The gazette itself then names where they do belong: HG nr. 672 din 28 august 2017, 'Hotarire pentru aprobarea regulamentelor cu privire la Registrul de stat al actelor locale', amended by nr. 229 din 6 octombrie 2021.
That register is the mandated channel, and its host, actelocale.gov.md, answers HTTP 403 for the root, for /ro and for /robots.txt alike — 146 bytes of nginx error page each time — while TLS completes normally, which was measured before a blocker number was given. The fallback national database, lex.justice.md, resets the connection during the TLS handshake and has never presented a certificate to repair.
So Moldova is set aside with its negative honestly bounded: there is no national access-restriction or pedestrian-zone scheme in the Republic of Moldova, measured on a fresh, paginated, scope-controlled title index of the whole official gazette; and whether Chisinau has a municipal one is NOT known, because the one register the law puts it in refuses the whole host and the City forbids us its site in writing.
Recorded as B-074. One more thing was measured and is worth carrying: Monitorul Oficial gives its catalogue away and sells the document. Each matching edition renders its full table of contents in the HTML, and the edition itself opens in a FlowPaper viewer fed by /flow/services/view.php with an obfuscated filename, with 'Acces limitat' printed beside editions in the result list.
That is the indexed_document_wall shape this corpus first met at www.sluzbenilist.ba, and it is a business model rather than bot protection. Re-measured 2026-09-20, three requests, and nothing moved: actelocale.gov.md answers HTTP 403 for /robots.txt, www.legis.md answers HTTP 403 for /robots.txt, and www.chisinau.md serves the same 25-byte file excluding every crawler from every path.
Four days of the same three answers, so this is the hosts standing rather than a bad afternoon, and B-074 stays as written.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 501,958 indexed document sections across the whole Monegasque legal corpus, the exact figure the index reports for itself with track_total_hits. Of those, 4,495 sit on /tnc/arrete-municipal/ paths, which is the class this scheme belongs to and the class Moldova had no accessible register for.
Scope measured three ways before the count was trusted: blind negative zzqqxxyy returns total 0; positive control pietonne returns 1,401; and the hits for pietonne sit on sections titled Motifs, Expose des motifs and Article 2 — body sections, not titles — which proves full text rather than a title index from Gouvernement Princier de Monaco — Legimonaco, the official consolidated legal database, queried through the unauthenticated Elasticsearch proxy its own client configuration names at /~~search/depot/. robots.txt for this host answers HTTP 404, so nothing is forbidden.
This is the denominator for every Monegasque instrument: laws, ordonnances souveraines, arretes ministeriels, arretes municipaux, case law and bills, each decomposed into addressable sections with a stable dated path, 3,116 URLs across four sitemap pages.
Thirty-two of them sit under /thematiques/transports-et-mobilite/acces-circulation-et-stationnement/, which is the full inventory of the authority's access, circulation and parking services, and two of those thirty-two matter here: obtenir-un-macaron-d-acces-a-monaco-ville, which is the way through article 9 and is cited in the record, and demander-un-acces-a-une-zone-semi-pietonne, a second and separate access regime under stationnement that was NOT read this cycle and about which nothing is claimed from Gouvernement Princier de Monaco — MonServicePublic, the official service portal, whose robots.txt declares its sitemap index and forbids only PDFs, /Media/ and a handful of legal pages.
This is the operating authority's denominator, and it is what turned up the procedure page for the macaron.
Monaco is the thirty-seventh country in this sweep and the thirty-fifth published, and the reason it was chosen is the reason Moldova failed. Moldova closed because Moldovan law puts municipal acts in a register separate from the national gazette and that register refuses the whole host — a failure mode that belongs to the two-tier arrangement itself.
A city-state cannot have it: there is no municipal tier standing apart from the national publisher, so the arretes municipaux have nowhere else to be. That prediction was tested and it held on the first search. legimonaco.mc carries /tnc/arrete-municipal/ paths in the same consolidated database as its ordonnances souveraines and its jurisprudence, 4,495 indexed sections of them, and the scheme was found in one.
The channel is a new shape for this corpus and the best-behaved one it has met. legimonaco.mc answers HTTP 404 for robots.txt — maximum permission — and is a SCENARI-generated static site with no form on its home page at all, which under the old reading would have made it an unaddressable search. It is the opposite.
The site's own JavaScript configuration file, /libs/lib-md/env-config.js, names an unauthenticated Elasticsearch proxy at /~~search/depot/, and that endpoint answers ordinary GET queries: _search?q=<term>&size=N returns JSON whose hits carry enTitle and a stable dated path, and filter_path and track_total_hits work, so the index can state its own exact size — 501,958 document sections.
Its scope was measured before it was trusted. Blind negative: zzqqxxyy returns total 0. Positive control: pietonne returns 1,401.
And the control that decides the kind — the hits for pietonne sit on sections titled Motifs, Expose des motifs and Article 2, which are body sections rather than titles, so this is full text and not a title index, the opposite of Moldova's gazette.
The home page's own links then gave the browsable catalogue the search box did not: /~~write/explorer/type=legislation, type=regulation, type=case, type=legislativeWork and type=tc, which is the 0/a8 lesson a further time — the link that matters is never in the search box. The scheme is arrete municipal n.
2007-256 du 27 fevrier 2007, published in the Journal de Monaco of 9 March 2007 and served in its current consolidated version at a URL with no version suffix.
Its Titre II gives each quarter of the Principality its own article, and article 9 is Monaco Ville: save for a special derogation issued by the mairie, access to Monaco-Ville is forbidden to all vehicles except those registered in the Principality or in the Alpes-Maritimes.
Deliveries are permitted only from 07:00 to 10:00 absent a derogation from the surete publique, and motorcycles, tricycles and motor quadricycles may not circulate between 22:00 and 07:00, with electric machines and police vehicles excepted.
The whole text was searched for emission, pollution, CO2, essence, diesel, gazole, euro, tarif and redevance and the count is zero — the single hit for the letters Euro is a building called the immeuble Europa — so there is no emission standard and no charge in this scheme, measured rather than inferred.
Article 15 carries no figure either: infractions are recorded and prosecuted 'conformement a la loi', the communal organisation law nr. 959 du 24 juillet 1974 gives the municipal police the power to record them and names no amount, and a contravention class scale is a range rather than a number, so the penalty is null on the Sarajevo and Skopje precedent.
The in-force evidence is unusually good and it is the publisher's own apparatus rather than our inference. Legimonaco annotates amendment history per article — article 10 carries a Historique de consolidation naming six amending orders, and article 13 bis is headed 'Cree par l'arrete ministeriel n. 2019-3398 du 30 juillet 2019' — and article 9 carries no such block, so it stands as enacted in 2007.
A phrase search for acts modifying this arrete returns five, the latest arrete municipal n. 2022-4549 du 4 novembre 2022, and that date matches the consolidation stamp the page itself carries for this version, 2022.11.12.
The second publisher is the operating authority's, and it is the practical door through article 9: monservicepublic.gouv.mc, the Principality's service portal, runs the procedure for the macaron d'acces permanent a Monaco-Ville, issued by the Direction de la Surete Publique, valid one year, renewable annually, with no price published.
Its reason for existing is a detail worth keeping — the new French plate format no longer shows the department, so an Alpes-Maritimes vehicle can no longer prove its exemption from its plate, and the macaron is how it does so instead.
Two channel facts belong with this country. journaldemonaco.gouv.mc, the official gazette, is the eighth independent publisher in this corpus to put its search box on a path its own robots.txt forbids — Disallow: /search and /content/search/ — while leaving the /Journaux/ catalogue open, and it also forbids every PDF on the host with Disallow: /*.pdf$, which was read before anything else was requested there and obeyed.
And monservicepublic.gouv.mc forbids PDFs the same way, which is why the macaron application form, a PDF the page links, was deliberately not fetched even though the HTML said everything needed. Monaco is one city because it is one city: the Principality is a single commune, and article 9 restricts one of its quarters.
Read on the authority's own pages, which is as far as what they link goes. We still cannot read https://niksic.me/robots.txt (TLS CERT_HAS_EXPIRED — the certificate has expired, which is a real trust failure and not a missing intermediate our AIA repair completes.
Nothing else on this host was requested.); https://www.danilovgrad.me/ (HTTP 200, and an application shell: the HTML carries ten hrefs, all of them favicons, a stylesheet and a browser-upgrade notice. Nothing in it links a document, so the municipality's own decisions were not reachable from it.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Montenegro is the forty-second country in this corpus, and it was opened on the channel the previous cycle had ruled out the country on.
The 112th cycle measured www.sluzbenilist.me, the national gazette, and found an excellent search over an unreadable archive: q is the parameter, it indexes titles, it reports Vazeci or Nevazeci per act and it separates municipal instruments under editionType=1 — and every act it serves is a single base64 JPEG, with zero occurrences of the word Clan in the HTML and no PDF anywhere (B-088). That finding stands.
It simply turned out not to be the door. The door is www.gov.me, the government portal, which carries the Ministry of the Interior's own announcements: robots.txt answers HTTP 200 and forbids only /cdn-cgi/, and the search at /pretraga?q= is real rather than decorative — the blind negative ZZZZQQQQXK returns the words Nema rezultata, and a genuine query returns a numbered result count.
What it found is a Naredba made by the director of the Uprava policije under article 130 of the Law on Road Traffic Safety, announced on 12 June 2026, in force from 15 June 2026 and expressly repealing an earlier order of 15 May 2026.
It bans goods vehicles over 7.5 t from the R-1 between Kotor and Krstac from 07:00 to midnight, and buses of categories M2 and M3 together with motor caravans from that road towards Kotor and from the R-25.1 up to the Lovcen mausoleum around the clock — both from 15 June to 15 October 2026.
A third limb of the same order, the evening ban on lorries over 7.5 t across the coastal M-1 and the M-2 and M-10, ran only to 15 September 2026 and had already expired when this was read; it is described in the record and deliberately not encoded. Whether a newer order exists was measured rather than assumed: the same search sorted by published_at returns nothing on traffic after 12 June 2026.
The country is recorded as in progress rather than finished on one order.
Municipal traffic decisions do exist and three were named by the gazette's own search — Petnjica, Niksic and Danilovgrad — and reaching their text through the municipalities themselves was measured and is not currently possible: niksic.me presents an expired TLS certificate, which is a real trust failure we do not repair; petnjica.me is not the municipality at all but a parked landing page about the place; and www.danilovgrad.me, which is the genuine official presentation and allows everything but /files/, serves its content as a JavaScript application whose HTML carries no links to any document.
Podgorica was measured by the previous cycle and is a WordPress news site rather than a gazette.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 11 search hits above the 11-link chrome baseline for the query "regulisanju saobraćaja" — articles and published documents of Prijestonica Cetinje whose title or body names the traffic decision, six of them the instruments themselves from Prijestonica Cetinje — the municipal CMS search, POST /index/pretraga with a multipart pretraga_val field.
A title-and-body index over the municipality's articles and published documents, with a measurable baseline: a nonsense term returns 11 chrome links, so anything above 11 is a hit. 'regulisanju saobraćaja' returns 11 hits above that baseline, six of them the instruments themselves and the newest dated 30 April 2024, which is what says the chain is complete.
Montenegro's third and fourth reading, and between them they close the question the 112th cycle left open: the national gazette is not the door, and the municipalities are.
B-088 still stands — www.sluzbenilist.me serves every act as a base64 JPEG and always will for our purposes — but two municipal sites have now handed over their traffic decisions as text, and the two doors are different from each other, which is the finding worth carrying.
Tivat's is WordPress: opstinativat.me (WITHOUT www, because the certificate covers only the apex and www.opstinativat.me fails ERR_TLS_CERT_ALTNAME_INVALID) exposes wp-json, and the secretariat's own page lists the acts it applies with their Službeni list numbers — 045/16, 044/18 i 022/21 — which resolved the chain in one read.
Cetinje's is not WordPress at all and is the more transferable shape. www.cetinje.me runs an old PHP CMS whose robots.txt is HTTP 404 — nothing forbidden — and which exposes three things a sweep can use: numbered category pages under /index/kategorija?id_kategorija=, document registers under /index/dokumenta?id_artikla=, and, crucially, a real search at POST /index/pretraga with a multipart pretraga_val field.
That search is a denominator rather than a ceiling: a nonsense term returns 11 chrome links and nothing else, so the 11 rows it returns for 'regulisanju saobraćaja' minus that baseline are measured hits, and the newest of them is dated 30 April 2024.
It indexes document TITLES and article bodies, not PDF contents — '63/22' and '45/23' both return zero although both strings are inside the decisions — which is the Podgorica property recurring and is exactly what makes it reliable for finding amendments, since every Montenegrin amendment prints the parent act's name in its own title.
The register pages are the trap to avoid: /index/dokumenta?id_artikla=51, the assembly's document list, returns 40 rows with no pager, and those 40 are the newest 40. A cycle that read the register and concluded the town has no traffic decision would have been reading a ceiling and calling it a denominator; the search is what turned that around.
What came out of it is a complete, readable, three-instrument chain for Cetinje — the base Odluka of 22 December 2022 (Sl. list CG - Opštinski propisi br. 63/22, 22,599 characters of extractable PDF text), a supplement enacted as 45/23, and an amendment adopted 26 April 2024 — with seven named pedestrian streets, a 3.5-tonne goods-vehicle ban with four exempt routes, delivery windows and three penalty bands.
One property of that chain is a warning for the rest of the Balkans: the file the municipality publishes for 45/23 is the PROPOSAL, with 'na sjednici održanoj dana _______________ godine' still blank, and the only thing that proves it was enacted is the NEXT instrument's preamble citing 'br. 63/22 i 45/23'.
Read the newest member first — the same rule Podgorica's relation graph taught, arriving from a completely different publisher. Two hosts were measured and give nothing. prijestonica.me, Cetinje's other name, resolves in DNS to 15.197.148.33 and answers neither https (connect timeout) nor http (socket closed), so it is not a second Cetinje site.
And the municipality's own https works everywhere it matters even though its homepage redirects to cleartext: the PDFs and the article pages all answer HTTP 200 over TLS with no downgrade, so the record cites https throughout and needs no insecure_note.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 230,111 indexed documents across the whole Andorran gazette, the figure the index reports for an empty query. Freshest document dated 16 September 2026, one day before this check.
Scope measured three ways before the count was trusted: blind negative zzqqxxyy returns totalCount 0; positive control vianants returns 881; and the endpoint's own highlights field puts those matches inside body paragraphs rather than titles, which proves full text rather than a title index from Butlletí Oficial del Principat d'Andorra (BOPA) — the Principality's single official gazette, which publishes the acts of the Coprínceps, the Consell General, the Govern, the courts and all seven comuns in one series.
Queried through the unauthenticated Azure Cognitive Search endpoint that the site's own React bundle names in REACT_APP_WEB_API_BASE_URI; robots.txt for www.bopa.ad reads 'Disallow:' with an empty value and for the API host is HTTP 404, so nothing is forbidden.
This is the denominator for every Andorran instrument at every level of government, which is why one publisher satisfies both denominators for this country, 1,267 documents in the Comú d'Andorra la Vella / Ordinacions i reglaments facet alone, newest dated 4 August 2026.
The class control was run on that facet before any negative was written: circulacio returns 188 documents in it, including the parking-service ordinance of 19 June 2025 and the civic-coexistence ordinance and both its amendments, so comunal acts are present, current and readable — and a phrase search for 'zona de vianants' across the whole gazette returns 28, among them this parish's 2019 ordinance, its repealed 2016 predecessor and Escaldes-Engordany's Vivand recasting from Butlletí Oficial del Principat d'Andorra — the organisme taxonomy returned by the gazette's own GetFilters route, which is what answers the question Moldova taught us to ask first: not whether the publisher is open, but whether the class of act exists in it.
Eighteen top-level publishers, of which 06 to 12 are the seven comuns — Canillo, Encamp, Ordino, la Massana, Andorra la Vella, Sant Julià de Lòria and Escaldes-Engordany — and each carries an 'Ordinacions i reglaments' child addressable by GUID.
Andorra is the thirty-eighth country in this sweep, the thirty-sixth published, and the first in a long while to give one country and two cities.
It was chosen as the case between the two the cycle before had measured: Moldova failed because a two-tier state files municipal acts in a register separate from the national gazette and that register was shut, and Monaco opened because a city-state has no separate municipal tier at all. Andorra is neither. It has seven comuns, and it has one gazette — and the comuns publish their ordinacions in it.
So the prediction was that one publisher would satisfy both denominators, and it held exactly.
The first question asked was not whether the Butlletí Oficial del Principat d'Andorra is open but what is in it, which is the lesson Moldova taught, and the gazette answers that question itself: its filter taxonomy has eighteen top-level publishers and seven of them are the comuns, numbered 06 to 12, each with an 'Ordinacions i reglaments' child of its own.
Comú d'Andorra la Vella is 10 and its Ordinacions i reglaments facet holds 1,267 documents. The class exists, it is addressable, and it is current — the newest document in that facet is dated 4 August 2026.
The channel is the (qq) shape a second time, and in a second flavour. www.bopa.ad is a React single-page application whose robots.txt reads 'Disallow:' with an empty value — the most permissive form there is — and whose home page contains not one <form> element. Under the old reading that would have been an unaddressable search.
It is the opposite again: the site's own bundle carries its build-time configuration in clear, REACT_APP_WEB_API_BASE_URI naming an Azure Functions host, and that host exposes twenty-four named routes, robots.txt HTTP 404, no authentication beyond a function key the publisher ships to every browser.
GetFilters returns the whole taxonomy; GetPaginatedDocuments2Indexes is an Azure Cognitive Search front end that accepts a JSON body with a text query, an organisme facet, paging and ordering. Its scope was measured before it was trusted, and it answered every control cleanly. Blind negative: zzqqxxyy returns totalCount 0, so the facet works.
Positive control: vianants returns 881. Whole index with an empty query: 230,111 documents, freshest dated 16 September 2026 — a day old.
And the control that decides the kind needed no second query, because this endpoint returns the publisher's own highlights: the matches for vianants sit inside body paragraphs, one of them a bullet in a <p class="Body-text-i"> about footbridges over the Valira, so this is full text and not a title index. That is the opposite of Moldova's gazette and the same as Monaco's.
Two schemes came out of it, in two parishes, and they are separate acts by separate authorities.
Andorra la Vella's is the Ordinació de l'1-8-2019: the stretch of the avinguda Meritxell between the carrer de la Unió/carrer del Valira and the carrer Bonaventura Armengol/avinguda del Consell d'Europa, plus five adjoining streets, closed permanently to the circulation and parking of every type of vehicle, with number-plate cameras, a comunal authorisation procedure, deliveries refused inside the avenue and limited to 08:00–11:00 on working days in the side streets, and 50 € for getting it wrong.
That last figure is the one thing the zone ordinance does not contain, and it was followed rather than guessed: article 9.3 sends the driver to the Comú's general ordinance on civic coexistence of 27 September 2018, whose article 91 table prices the whole block headed 'Circulació en zones amb prioritat per a vianants' — articles 23.3, 24 and 25 — at 50 € each, so the amount does not depend on which of them a given entry is charged under, and article 89 doubles it on a repeat within two years.
Both of that ordinance's amendments were read and neither touches this: the 2021 one modifies article 22.2 in the bicycle chapter, the 2025 one article 7 on queues outside restaurants.
Escaldes-Engordany's is the Ordinació del 29-3-2019, a modificació i refosa of a 2013 original: Vivand, the stretch of the avinguda Carlemany between the carrer de la Unió/carrer del Valira and the avinguda de les Escoles/carrer del Picó plus the cross-streets that give access to it, closed to any wheeled vehicle with six permitted categories, each with its own hours and dwell time, number-plate cameras again, deliveries refused again — and no figure at all, because article 9 delegates to national road-traffic law, naming the Codi de la circulació of 10 June 1999 while the gazette's own index shows the Consell General has since enacted Llei 12/2021 under the same title.
So one of these two records carries a penalty and the other is null, for a reason that is in the drafting rather than in our reading.
The national question was asked and answered in the negative, and the negative is unusually clean because the gazette is full text: every occurrence of 'zona de baixes emissions' anywhere in 230,111 documents — three of them — is about Barcelona, being Govern decrees setting the fee for registering Andorran vehicles in the Barcelona metropolitan register.
Andorra has no low emission zone of its own and no national access-restriction framework; what it has is two comunal pedestrian zones, and a standing arrangement for its drivers to enter somebody else's scheme.
Two channel facts belong with this country. www.andorralavella.ad is the ninth independent publisher in this corpus to put its search box on a path its own robots.txt forbids — a stock Drupal file disallowing /search/ and /?q=search/ while leaving the content paths open — and www.govern.ad forbids */cerca?q= while naming its sitemap index in the same three lines.
And the finding that cost the most to reach and will save the most later is about encoding, not permission: the BOPA serves its documents as UTF-16LE with a byte-order mark, no charset in the Content-Type and no <meta charset> any ASCII sniff can see, because every second byte of the markup is NUL.
Decoded as UTF-8 — which is what our publication gate did — every watched sentence missed and the NUL bytes would have made binaryBodyKind call an ordinary ordinance a binary, so a correct, unchanged record would have been withdrawn from the index on its first check. decodeBody now honours a BOM before anything a header or a <meta> could claim, on the ground that a BOM is the one statement of encoding that cannot be stale, and scripts/read-source.mjs learned the same rule in the same cycle.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 7,703 documents whose BODY contains 'promulghiamo', the word in the signature block of every promulgated San Marino act and in no title — the body-only control, which returns 7,703 on P0_document and 0 on P0_title and so proves full text rather than a title index.
Blind negative zzqqxxyy returns 0 on both fields; positive control P0_title=Giunte di Castello returns 50. Freshness: the index carries Decreto Legge 12 agosto 2026 n.121, five weeks before this check.
On this denominator 'zona a traffico limitato' returns 13 documents, of which exactly one is the zone — Decreto Delegato 21 ottobre 2021 n.180 — and a title search for 'Zona Traffico Limitato' returns that act alone from Repubblica di San Marino — Consiglio Grande e Generale, Archivio Leggi, Decreti e Regolamenti: the national legal archive, a Lucene index at /home/tomcat/indicizzazione/indexleggi queried through a plain GET form on the archive page itself.
Unusually for this sweep it exposes SEPARATE title and body fields — P0_title and P0_document — so the control that decides whether a denominator is a title index or a full-text one is a single query rather than an inference. robots.txt is HTTP 403, the 199-byte stock Apache page, which is 'unavailable' and therefore permission; the host root answers HTTP 200.
This is the denominator for every San Marino instrument, because the Republic has no municipal legislative tier for a second one to live in, 16 document types offered by the publisher itself — Legge, Legge Costituzionale, Legge Qualificata, Legge Revisione Costituzionale, Decreto, Decreto Reggenziale, Decreto Legge, Decreto Consiliare, Decreto Delegato, Regolamento, Notifica, Statuto, Verbale, Ordinanza, Errata Corrige and Non Definito.
None is municipal, which matches what the state says about its nine Giunte di Castello: their functions are deliberative, consultative, promotional and supervisory, and it falls to them to promote decisions of the institutional organs rather than to take them.
The class control was run the other way too — a title search for Regolamento acts of 1997 returns 0, which is why the Regolamento per l’accesso e la sosta nel Centro Storico of 17 March 1997, cited by the Corpo di Polizia Civile as the legal basis for ZTL permits, is recorded as named-but-unpublished rather than as read from Repubblica di San Marino — Consiglio Grande e Generale: the archive's own document-type taxonomy, the list the search form offers in its 'Tipo documento' selector.
This is what answers the question Moldova taught us to ask first and Andorra taught us to ask of the publisher's own index rather than of a search: does the national gazette's taxonomy carry a municipal class? Here it does not, and the absence is the finding — every kind in the list is an instrument of the Republic.
San Marino is the thirty-ninth country in this sweep and the thirty-seventh published, and it answers the question the cycle before it framed — does the national gazette's own index carry the municipal class? — by making the question unnecessary. The Republic is divided into nine castelli, each with an elected Giunta di Castello, so on paper it has the two-tier arrangement that closed Moldova.
It does not have it in substance: the state's own page on the Giunte says their functions are deliberative, consultative, promotional, supervisory and about running local services, and that it falls to a Giunta to PROMOTE decisions of the institutional organs rather than to take them. The publisher's taxonomy says the same thing from the other side.
The Archivio Leggi, Decreti e Regolamenti of the Consiglio Grande e Generale offers a document-type list of sixteen kinds — Legge, Legge Costituzionale, Legge Qualificata, Decreto, Decreto Reggenziale, Decreto Legge, Decreto Consiliare, Decreto Delegato, Regolamento, Notifica, Statuto, Verbale, Ordinanza, Errata Corrige and two residual entries — and not one of them is municipal.
So the answer is the Monaco answer arriving by a different road: there is no separate municipal tier for an act to hide in, and the capital's limited-traffic zone is a national instrument.
Decreto Delegato 21 ottobre 2021 n.180 identifies the Zona Traffico Limitato of the old walls of the Citta di San Marino in a single article, on a plan at Allegato A naming three gates — Porta della Fratta, the junction of via Donna Felicissima with via Paolo III and via Gino Zani, and Porta Nova — under article 16 of the Codice della Strada, which defines a ZTL as an instrument that limits the NUMBER of vehicles in an area and requires the zone to be identified by a decree with plans AND by adequate signage.
The channel was measured before it was trusted.
The archive's search is a plain GET form over a Lucene index with SEPARATE title and body fields, which is rare enough to be worth recording: P0_title=Giunte di Castello returns 50, the blind negative zzqqxxyy returns 0 on both fields, and the body-only control decides the kind outright — promulghiamo, which is in the signature block of every promulgated act and in no title, returns 7,703 on P0_document and 0 on P0_title.
So this is a full-text denominator, and on it 'zona a traffico limitato' returns thirteen documents of which exactly one is the zone.
Freshness is not in doubt either: the index carries Decreto Legge 12 agosto 2026 n.121, which happens also to be the independent confirmation that the 2021 decree is still operative, since it clears 'the zone a traffico limitato of the old walls of the Citta di San Marino, as identified by Decreto Delegato 21 ottobre 2021 n.180' for six hours on the day of a papal visit.
Two things are published and two are not, and the record says which is which.
Published: the perimeter, its three gates, the enabling definition, the penalty chain down to a first-category band of 100 to 350 euro set by Decreto Delegato 9 agosto 2024 n.111, and the permit itself — the Corpo di Polizia Civile's service charter of 9 May 2026 states that its Sezione Viabilita manages access to the Centro Storico and prices the permesso di accesso e sosta nel centro storico at a 5 euro revenue stamp for a resident and 15 euro for anyone else, decided within 90 days.
Not published: the access conditions themselves. The charter cites a Regolamento per l'accesso e la sosta nel Centro Storico of 17 March 1997 as its legal basis, and the national archive holds no act of type Regolamento for 1997 at all, so who may pass a varco without a permit, and at what hours, is stated on the signage and nowhere this corpus can read.
No hours and no daily charge are therefore recorded, and the absence is written down as an absence rather than as an always-on zone. Two walls that were not: robots.txt is HTTP 403 on both consigliograndeegenerale.sm and bollettinoufficiale.sm — the stock 199-byte Apache page, which is 'unavailable' and therefore permission — while the hosts themselves answer HTTP 200, and www.gov.sm has no robots.txt at all.
What did nearly go wrong was ours.
Every act in the archive is served from a url ENDING IN .html that answers application/pdf, so the offline guard that reads path extensions sees a page, the fetch succeeds, and every watched sentence vanishes at once — a withdrawal verdict on a document nobody touched, and the third door into the failure D-145 came through. checkSource now refuses to return a verdict of any kind on a body whose magic number says it is a document.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 369 acts whose BODY contains 'erteile Ich Meine Zustimmung', the sovereign's assent formula that opens every act passed by the Landtag and appears in no title — the body-only control, which returns 369 with search_loc=text and 0 with search_loc=titel and so proves full text rather than a title index.
Blind negative zzqqxxyy returns 'keine Treffer'; positive control Verfassung on the title field returns 4. Freshness: /konso/neueste-konso names LGBl 2026.311 consolidated 11 September 2026, six days before this check.
On this denominator 'Fussgaengerzone' returns 7 acts, of which four are the traffic chain — Strassenverkehrsgesetz, Strassensignalisationsverordnung, Verkehrsregelnverordnung and Ordnungsbussenverordnung from Fuerstentum Liechtenstein — Lilex, the consolidated legal database of the Rechtsdienst der Regierung, run by the Liechtensteinische Landesverwaltung.
A GET search form at /konso/suche whose five fields must ALL be sent: search_text and search_loc alone are echoed back and produce nothing, which reads exactly like a real zero. robots.txt is HTTP 404 — unavailable, therefore maximum permission.
This is the denominator for national law, and it is the whole of the denominator, because article 11 of the Gemeindegesetz puts municipal publication on each Gemeinde's own website instead, 2 top-level classes offered by the publisher itself — LANDESRECHT, subdivided into nine subject groups of which 7 is Bauwesen - Oeffentliche Werke - Energie - Verkehr and 74 is Verkehr, and STAATSVERTRAEGE.
Neither is municipal, and there is no third class.
Unlike Moldova, where the municipal class exists in a separate register that is wholly 403, here there is nothing missing from Lilex: municipal acts are published by each Gemeinde on its own site for fourteen days under article 11 GemG, with paragraph 2a requiring generally binding decisions to stay accessible for as long as they are in force from Fuerstentum Liechtenstein — Lilex, the Gebietssystematik: the publisher's own subject taxonomy of the consolidated law, which is where the Andorra question and the San Marino question are both asked of the index rather than of a search.
It answers that Lilex is national law and nothing else, and article 11 of the Gemeindegesetz explains why rather than leaving it as an absence, 17 folders and documents at the register's top level, plus fifteen named subfolders.
The Polizei folder holds exactly two items — Reglement Gemeindepolizei and Reglement Polizeistunde und Nachtruhe — and neither is a traffic order; the Tiefbau folder holds seven subfolders, all of them about water, drainage, tendering and planning standards.
The rolling notice board the same article requires is at /politik-verwaltung/politik/gemeinderat-1/kundmachungen and carried five Kundmachungen on the day of this check, none of them a traffic order from Gemeinde Vaduz — Reglemente & Formulare, the municipal register that article 11 of the Gemeindegesetz requires.
A file-manager listing with folders, reachable at a stable path, holding the Gemeindeordnung, the Kundmachungsreglement and the subject Reglemente. It is where a municipal traffic rule WOULD be if Vaduz had made one, and the fact that it holds none is half of why this zone is recorded as a national order.
Liechtenstein is the fortieth country in this sweep and the thirty-eighth published, and it is the first one where the question 'does a municipal legislative class exist here?' gets a clear YES and the zone still turns out not to be a municipal act. That combination is new.
The eleven Gemeinden do legislate: article 9 of the Gemeindegesetz gives each one a Gemeindeordnung and Reglemente for particular subject areas, and article 10 lets them make breaches of local police rules punishable with fines up to CHF 10,000 — real law with a real penalty, which is more than San Marino's Giunte di Castello have.
Where they publish is the other half, and Liechtenstein answers it in statute rather than by convention: article 11 puts official municipal publication on the authority's OWN website for fourteen days, and paragraph 2a requires generally binding decisions of municipal organs to remain publicly accessible for the whole time they are in force.
So the municipal register here is vaduz.li, not the national database — and that is exactly why the national database has no municipal class. Lilex, the consolidated legal database at gesetze.li, offers a Gebietssystematik with precisely two top-level classes, LANDESRECHT and STAATSVERTRAEGE. The absence is by design, not an omission, and reading it as a Moldova-style closure would have been wrong.
Then the traffic law reverses the expectation again. A Fussgaengerzone is NOT made by the Gemeinde.
Article 2 of the Strassenverkehrsgesetz puts driving bans, traffic restrictions and traffic orders for ALL roads with the Regierung, and article 97 of the Strassensignalisationsverordnung names the office: local traffic orders shown by a prescriptive signal are decreed by the Amt fuer Tiefbau und Geoinformation and published with an appeal instruction.
The Gemeinde's role is downstream — article 94 makes it responsible for erecting and removing the signals on Gemeindestrassen, article 95 for supervising them, and article 107 of the Strassenverkehrsgesetz lets the Regierung delegate exemption permits for roads under a driving ban to the Gemeindevorsteher.
That delegation is visible in practice: the Gemeindepolizei Vaduz sells the Fahrbewilligung for the Staedtle at CHF 10.00 a day for a car and CHF 20.00 for a lorry, and publishes the one window this scheme has — goods handling may drive in Monday to Saturday from 06.00 to 10.00 without any permit. What a Fussgaengerzone means comes from article 22c of the Strassensignalisationsverordnung, inserted by LGBl 2003 Nr.
102 in force 1 May 2003: the zone belongs to pedestrians and users of vehicle-like devices, exceptionally permitted vehicles may go no faster than walking pace and must give way, and parking is allowed only where marked. Article 2a bounds the zone by its own signs — entry sign 2.59.3 to end sign 2.59.4 — permits it only on side streets innerorts, and allows at most three traffic orders on one zone sign.
The penalty is a single number rather than a band, so it is recorded as one: Anhang 1 of the Ordnungsbussenverordnung, item 304 sub-item 20, prices disregarding the Fussgaengerzone signal at CHF 80, and article 1 of the same ordinance says the list is applied by the Landespolizei AND the Gemeindepolizei. Parking in a pedestrian zone outside marked places is item 259 at CHF 40, 50 or 60 by duration.
The channel was measured before it was trusted, and it contained a trap worth recording. Lilex's search is a GET form with human field names, which by every earlier reading in this sweep means addressable — and sending search_text and search_loc alone returns a page with NO results while ECHOING both values back into the form, which is the hardest possible shape to tell apart from a genuine zero.
The controller wants the whole field set; adding the three remaining parameters, of which observe_date must not be empty, turns 9,094 silent bytes into 12,915 bytes of hits.
The four scope controls then run cleanly: positive control Verfassung on the title field returns 4, the blind negative zzqqxxyy returns 'keine Treffer', freshness is LGBl 2026.311 consolidated 11 September 2026 six days before this check, and the body-only control settles the kind in a single pair of queries because search_loc switches field on the same page — 'erteile Ich Meine Zustimmung', the sovereign's assent formula that opens every act passed by the Landtag and appears in no title, returns 369 on the text field and 0 on the title field.
Full text, not a title index. The German promulgation words the handover predicted — verordnet, Inkrafttreten — would both have failed the control, because both do appear in titles and headings. Two things are published and one is not, and the record says which.
Published: what the zone is, where its boundary legally lies, the access window, the permit and its price, and the fine. Not published anywhere this corpus could read: the order that created THIS zone.
It is an administrative traffic order of a national office rather than an act in the Landesgesetzblatt, and both channels that might carry it are shut — www.llv.li answers a Cloudflare interstitial to an honestly identified reader on every path including robots.txt, on undici and on curl alike, and www.amtsblatt.li resets the TLS handshake (B-075). So effective_from is null and the date is claimed for nothing.
Two walls that were not: gesetze.li's robots.txt is HTTP 404, which is maximum permission, and vaduz.li disallows only its framework's internal directories.
And one shape to expect: gesetze.li serves its Systematisches Register from /konso/systematisches-register/100, a url that looks like a page and answers application/pdf at 3.7 MB across 446 pages — the D-145 door again, and the document that named the Gemeindegesetz as LR 141.0 in the first place.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 402 acts whose BODY contains 'keruyuchys', the formula in the recitals of a decision that appears in no title — the body-only control, which returns 402 with titles such as 'Postanova No 783' that do not contain the word, proving full text rather than a title index.
Blind negative zzqqxxyy returns total 0; the whole register is 13,081 documents; freshness is a transport committee minute dated 11 September 2026, six days before this check; and the date filter is read rather than ignored, returning 429 of 13,081 since 2022-01-01.
On this denominator 'pishokhidna zona' returns 7, all of them construction or design decisions, and since 2022-01-01 'obmezhennya rukhu', 'pishokhidnoyi zony' and 'dorozhnoho rukhu' all return 0 from Kyiv City Council (Kyivska miska rada) — the act register at kmr.gov.ua, reached through the publisher's own JSON search API /api/search?type=npa rather than through its GET form, because the form renders an empty result list while echoing every parameter back. robots.txt is 'Allow: /' with no Disallow and Crawl-delay 10.
Read with scripts/ua-kmr.mjs. This is the only open door of the four measured in Ukraine, and it is a municipal one. We still cannot read https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/robots.txt (HTTP 200, 668 bytes, Windows-1251.
Four named groups are allowed — Googlebot with narrow path exclusions, msnbot with '/go' and '/$', Facebot and facebookexternalhit with 'Allow: /' — and then 'User-Agent: * / Disallow: /', followed by further named denials for Yandex, AhrefsBot, SemrushBot and others. This is the www.lex.bg shape of D-129: an entire publisher excluding us in writing with a name-list of exceptions.
It is not a wall we failed to climb and there is nothing here to retry; it is a rule, and the only correct response is to read nothing else on the host, which is what was done — this robots.txt is the only request ever made to zakon.rada.gov.ua.
The cost is exact and it is the whole national side: the Law on Road Traffic and its competence article, and the Road Traffic Rules with the definition of signs 5.33 and 5.34, all live here. Recorded as part of B-076.); https://www.kmu.gov.ua/robots.txt (HTTP 200, 410 bytes.
The Cabinet of Ministers permits its site generally and disallows exactly the act register: '/npas/', '/npasearch*' and '/document/', alongside '/backend/', '/api/' and '/storage/'. So the second national channel — the one carrying Cabinet resolutions, which is where the Road Traffic Rules were approved — is forbidden on the only paths that hold them.
A path-level exclusion binds exactly as a host-level one does, and our tools do not check it for us. Recorded as part of B-076.); https://kyivcity.gov.ua/ (HTTP 403 with a Cloudflare challenge — '<title>Just a moment...' and challenge-platform — on the host root, measured on undici AND on curl -sL, so it is the host and not our client.
The shape worth carrying is the contrast: kyivcity.gov.ua/robots.txt answers HTTP 200 with 304 bytes of ordinary plain-text directives, disallowing only /admin/, /api/, /search/ and a handful of paths. A readable robots.txt therefore proves nothing about the host — this is the exact mirror of D-139, where the robots.txt failed under undici and the root answered 247,726 bytes.
The cost is the whole live municipal channel: the Kyiv City State Administration is the executive body that issues traffic orders for Kyiv, and its council's register has held none since the invasion. We do not defeat bot protection.
Recorded as part of B-076.); https://city-adm.lviv.ua/robots.txt (HTTP 403 carrying 21,208 bytes of an interstitial titled 'Perevirka zyednannya' — a connection check — for robots.txt ITSELF. This is the B-065 shape, where the robots.txt is the 403, and it is the same answer as Milan's www.comune.milano.it (B-012).
Lviv was the second named candidate of this cycle and it was closed on its first request, which is why every later request went to Kyiv. Recorded as part of B-076.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Ukraine is the forty-first country in this sweep and the fifth European one measured and not published. It is also the first country where the MUNICIPAL branch is the open one and the national branch is the closed one, which is the exact inverse of every earlier negative in this sweep, and the first where an open, current, full-text municipal register was read properly and still could not yield a record.
Four doors were measured and all four are named. The national legal database of the Verkhovna Rada, zakon.rada.gov.ua, forbids us in writing: its robots.txt names Googlebot, msnbot, Facebot and facebookexternalhit with Allow rules and then answers 'User-Agent: * / Disallow: /'.
That is the www.lex.bg shape of D-129 — a whole publisher excluding us by name-list — and it is a rule we obey rather than a wall we measure around, so nothing else on that host was fetched.
The Cabinet of Ministers closes the same door from the other side: www.kmu.gov.ua permits its site generally and disallows precisely the act register — /npas/, /npasearch* and /document/ — so the channel carrying the Road Traffic Rules is forbidden on both national hosts.
The Kyiv City State Administration, which is the body that actually issues traffic orders for Kyiv, answers a Cloudflare challenge: kyivcity.gov.ua serves 'Just a moment...' with challenge-platform on the root under undici AND under curl -sL, while its robots.txt answers HTTP 200 in plain text — the mirror image of D-139, where the robots.txt failed and the host root was fine, and a reminder that a readable robots.txt proves nothing about the host.
Lviv is the same kind of answer in a different livery: city-adm.lviv.ua returns HTTP 403 with a 21,208-byte interstitial titled 'Perevirka zyednannya' FOR ROBOTS.TXT ITSELF, which is the B-065 shape. That leaves the Kyiv City Council, kmr.gov.ua, and it is genuinely open — 'Allow: /' with no Disallow at all and Crawl-delay 10 — and it was worked to a measured verdict rather than abandoned.
Its search form is a GET form with human field names that renders NOTHING: the page echoes every parameter into its own canonical link and leaves the result list as an empty <ol id=npaSearchResult>, so counting rows there returns a zero that is an artefact, the D-150 trap in different clothes.
The rows come from the publisher's own JSON API named in its own bundle, /api/search?type=npa, which wants a CSRF token on a GET — public, fetched by the publisher's own csrf_token.js from /csrf-token, with no login, no CAPTCHA and no rate gate.
Against that denominator the four scope controls run cleanly: blind negative zzqqxxyy returns total 0; the body-only control 'keruyuchys', the formula in the recitals of a decision and in no title, returns 402 with titles like 'Postanova No 783' that do not contain it, proving full text rather than a title index; freshness is a committee minute dated 11 September 2026, six days before this check; and the date filter is read rather than ignored — 429 of 13,081 documents since 2022-01-01, and to=2030-01-01 returns all 13,081.
On that denominator the answer is a clean, dated negative with a clear cause.
'Pishokhidna zona' returns 7 acts, every one of them a construction or design decision about building a pedestrian area — Sahaydachnoho street, Akademika Kostycheva street, the Volodymyrska Hirka to Lavra walk — and the only one that establishes a regime, No 1179 of 26 September 2017, has a page carrying title, number and date and NO text and NO attachment.
That is the second finding: this register is full text for some classes and a bare title index for council traffic acts, and the act pages for them hold no document at all. The third finding is the decisive one and it is the war.
Restricted to documents since 2022-01-01, 'obmezhennya rukhu' returns 0, 'pishokhidnoyi zony' returns 0, 'dorozhnoho rukhu' returns 0 and 'transportnykh zasobiv' returns 1, against a register that is otherwise current to six days ago. The council's traffic acts stop at the invasion, and the live channel that replaced them — the city state administration — is the Cloudflare-walled one.
So the handover's warning about martial law was right and arrived from an unexpected direction: the risk was never that we would mistake a temporary wartime measure for a permanent pedestrian zone, it was that the permanent register would stop and the current one would be shut.
Ukraine is set aside with its negative honestly bounded: Kyiv City Council has adopted no road-traffic-organisation act since 1 January 2022, measured on a fresh, full-text, scope-controlled index of its whole register; whether Kyiv has a current access regime is NOT known, because the body that would have ordered it publishes behind a challenge we do not defeat. Recorded as B-076.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 3,200 documents in the index, the exact figure it reports for itself as hits.total.value with relation 'eq'.
Scope measured four ways before it was trusted: blind negative q=zzqqxxyy returns 0, which is what distinguishes a real search from the ignored catalogue parameter that returned the unfiltered list; positive control q=circolazione returns 11; the body-versus-title control runs per row and all 11 sit in the body with none in a title, proving full text rather than a title index; and phrase queries work, so '"zona pedonale"', '"divieto di transito"' and '"permesso di accesso"' each returning 0 are real negatives.
Its limit is the important part: every _id is Content-<n>, these are com_content articles, and q=DCCX returns 0 — the legislation is NOT in this index from Governatorato dello Stato della Città del Vaticano — the site search of www.vaticanstate.va, reached at the endpoint the page's own inline module configuration names (mod_geekelasticsearch: endpoint /it/search.html, index 'production', esVersion 7) rather than through the search box.
It answers raw Elasticsearch JSON on a plain GET with no token and no POST.
Read with scripts/va-search.mjs. robots.txt on this host is the Joomla default and forbids only CMS internals, so the content is wholly open — but /modules/ is among the forbidden paths, which is why the module's own JavaScript was never fetched and the configuration was taken from the inline script the page renders, 9 catalogue classes offered by the publisher itself — norm-general, norm-penale-amministrativa, norm-sanitaria, normativa-persone-giuridiche-vaticane, normativa-prevenzione-contrasto-in-materia-finanziaria-e-f-t, normativa-sul-personale-del-governatorato, normativa-altre-materie, aggiornamento-lista-soggetti-che-minacciano-la-pace-e-sicurezza-internazionale and documenti-sulla-prevenzione-delle-attivita-illegali-in-campo-finanziario.
Not one of them is a traffic class, and the access regime turned out to sit in the PENAL class, which is the answer to why a taxonomy with no traffic heading is not the same as a country with no traffic rule. ⚠️ The count of each class must be taken with ?limit=0: Phoca paginates at twenty, norm-general holds 38, and Legge N. CXXXI sits at position thirty.
Freshness: norm-general carries the Legge Fondamentale of 31 July 2026, forty-eight days before this check from Governatorato dello Stato della Città del Vaticano — 'Legislazione e normativa', the publisher's own subject taxonomy of the law it publishes.
This is the D-144 question asked of the index rather than of a search, and it is the denominator the site search cannot be: the acts are PDF attachments served by Phoca Download from /phocadownload/, listed on these nine catalogue pages and absent from the article index.
Vatican City is the forty-second country in this sweep and the thirty-ninth published, and it is the first one where the restricted area is a sovereign state and the gate is a border. The two mandatory questions answer themselves here and they answer fast. Is there a municipal legislative tier?
No — the State is a single settlement with no local government at all, which is the Monaco shape of D-143 taken one step further, so no municipal register was looked for and none was fetched. Which body orders THIS regime? The Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State and its President, through the Governatorato, and that is stated in the act itself rather than inferred.
What was found is a complete, current, quotable access regime that no city in this corpus resembles. Legge N. CXXXI of 22 February 2011 on citizenship, residence and access requires a permit issued by the Governatorato to enter the territory where free access is not permitted; Decreto N.
DCCX of 19 December 2024, a decree of the President of the Pontifical Commission having force of law, prices every way of getting that wrong; and Legge N. DCCXX of 15 March 2025 converts the decree into law with an annex of modifications that touches none of the provisions this record quotes — that was checked, not assumed.
Article 9 of the decree: €10,000 to €25,000 for entering the closed territory without the prescribed permit or after revocation, €2,000 to €5,000 for an expired permit or for not observing the prescriptions written into the permit.
Article 1: one to four years and €10,000 to €25,000 for entry by violence, threat or deceit, with deceit defined to include fraudulently evading the State's security systems or slipping past the frontier controls.
Article 2: that penalty raised by up to two thirds where the person enters AT THE WHEEL OF A VEHICLE, evading or forcing the frontier control or failing to obey an order to stop — the only place in this corpus where driving is an aggravating circumstance rather than the subject of the rule.
Article 3 closes the airspace to unauthorised flight including drones flown from outside; articles 4 and 5 add a ten-year entry ban as an accessory penalty and punish breach of it with one to five years and a fifteen-year ban.
The one part of the State outside all of this is the part every visitor reaches, and it comes from the founding instrument rather than from a traffic order: article 3 of the Lateran Treaty keeps St Peter's Square normally open to the public and under Italian police powers, who stop at the foot of the Basilica steps, and article 5 obliged the Holy See to close the accesses to the rest and wall its open parts, the Square excepted.
That is why article 9's fine is worded against the territory 'in cui non è consentito il libero accesso'. The channel is a Joomla site and it hid its search in a place worth recording. The handover reported, correctly, that the catalogue's GET parameter was ignored — searchword=zzqqxxyy and searchword=circolazione both returned the same twenty downloads as no parameter at all.
Both halves of that measurement were about the wrong thing: searchword is Joomla CORE's parameter and norm-general.html is a Phoca Download CATALOGUE page, and neither is this site's search.
The search is a module, mod_geekelasticsearch, and the module states its own endpoint and parameter in an inline script on every page — endpoint /it/search.html, index 'production', esVersion 7. /it/search.html?q=<words> answers raw Elasticsearch JSON on an ordinary GET with no token and no POST.
Its scope was then measured before it was trusted: blind negative q=zzqqxxyy returns hits.total.value 0, which is what makes it a real search rather than an ignored parameter; positive control q=circolazione returns 11; the body-versus-title control runs per row and every one of those 11 sits in the body and none in a title, so it is full text; and the index states its own exact size, 3,200 documents.
Its LIMIT was measured too and it matters more than its size: every _id has the shape Content-<n>, q=DCCX returns 0, and the legislation is not articles at all but PDF attachments served by Phoca Download — so this index bounds the site's pages and news, and the legislation has a separate denominator.
That second denominator is the publisher's own taxonomy: nine catalogue classes, not one of them a traffic class, read exhaustively rather than searched. And reading them exhaustively required a correction the handover could not have known: Phoca paginates at twenty, norm-general holds THIRTY-EIGHT, and the first page looks exactly like a complete catalogue — ?limit=0 is what shows the rest, including Legge N.
CXXXI itself, which sits at position thirty. The negative half is as clean as the positive. On the article index '"zona pedonale"' returns 0, '"divieto di transito"' returns 0 and '"permesso di accesso"' as a phrase returns 0: the Governatorato publishes no pedestrian zone, no transit ban and no page describing the permit procedure.
The only vehicle page on the whole site is the Governatorato's own interview with the Registro Veicoli Vaticani, which is cited in the record for who may hold an SCV or CV plate — the Governatorato, Holy See bodies, Vatican citizens and named office-holders, about 600 and 300 plates respectively — and for the bollo di circolazione, a duty on vehicles registered in the State that is not a price of entry.
One thing is published and unreadable, and it is the practical half. Legge N. CXXXI of 22 February 2011, the act that actually issues the permit, is served as an eight-page PDF whose own metadata names the failure: title 'Network Scan Data', author 'Panasonic Communications Co., Ltd.', subject 'Image', created 1 March 2011, one image and zero words on every page.
The Vatican's governing access law is published as a photograph taken on an office scanner. So the record quotes the rule a driver is judged by and states plainly that it cannot say how to obtain the permit, what it costs, or where exactly the line between free and non-free access is drawn.
Recorded as B-077, which needs no human action because there is none to take. effective_from is null for the same reason and the date is claimed for nothing: the decree's own 19 December 2024 is the date the SANCTIONS took effect, not the date the State closed its gates, and writing it would have said the opposite of what happened.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 1,475 documents the publisher reported ('Найдено документов: 1475') for пешеходная зона — and this number is deliberately labelled for what it is NOT. It is a loose relevance count, not a phrase count: the identical query in quotes returns the same 1475 in the same order, so the quoting operator is ignored.
The blind negative zzqqxxyy returns a page with no result list element and no count at all, which is what makes the 1475 a measurement rather than boilerplate.
No scope control beyond that was possible, because the host closed before the body-versus-title control could be run from ЭТАЛОН-ONLINE (etalonline.by), the National Centre of Legal Information's public legal database of the Republic of Belarus, read with scripts/by-etalon.mjs over a fully verified AIA-repaired TLS chain and at the publisher's own Crawl-delay of 5 seconds.
Its search form names eight databases, of which db[]=1 is 'Решения органов местного управления и самоуправления' — the municipal class.
This host answered six requests and then closed on the regional 403; the count below is what it stated while open, 48,106 URLs across a sitemap index of nine children — every one of them news. sitemap-iblock-8 enumerates news/list.php?SECTION_ID=, sitemap-iblock-1 enumerates /novosti/ by month, and a scan of all 48,106 for road-charging and low-emission vocabulary matches zero.
Not one legal act is in the declared inventory, and every HTML path on the host answers the regional 403 anyway from National Legal Internet Portal of the Republic of Belarus (pravo.by) — its own declared sitemap, the one thing this geo-blocked host still serves us alongside robots.txt.
Listed here because the previous cycle read 'sitemap declared' as evidence that the register was reachable, and the inventory itself disproves that. We still cannot read https://pravo.by/ (HTTP 403, 2,774 bytes, titled 'Доступ ограничен / Access Denied' and stating «К сожалению, доступ к сайту недоступен для вашего региона» — access to the site is not available for your region.
Measured on the root, on /natsionalnyy-reestr/, on /pravovaya-informatsiya/pravovye-akty-po-temam/ and on /document/?guid=. The same host serves robots.txt (HTTP 200, 2,584 bytes) and nine sitemaps (48,106 URLs) without complaint, so the filter exempts the machine-readable files and blocks the pages.
This is D-151 measured a third time and the most expensive one: cycle 94 concluded from that robots.txt that Belarus had an open publisher, and it does not. There is nothing to retry from this network and nothing to work around — the refusal names our region, not our client. Recorded as part of B-078.); https://etalonline.by/search/ (The door that opened and then shut.
Six requests were answered in full — a real denominator of 1,475 documents, real result rows with registration numbers, and a blind negative that renders a structurally different page — and then the host began returning the same 2,774-byte regional 403 that pravo.by serves, word for word, on a different host.
Crucially the refusal is CUMULATIVE, not parameter-dependent: the exact query that had returned 1,475 eight minutes earlier returned the 403 when re-run, which is the only reason the plausible-and-false reading ('the advanced search is region-blocked, the simple one is not') was caught.
The TLS chain is not the obstacle and should not be re-diagnosed: etalonline.by merely omits its intermediate, and scripts/by-etalon.mjs repairs it from the CA copy the certificate itself names, reaching a fully verified handshake. What is lost is specific and worth re-trying from a later cycle with a small budget: db[]=1 is the municipal act database, it exists, and the content was demonstrably there.
Recorded as part of B-078.); https://minsk.gov.by/robots.txt (HTTP 503 with a nineteen-byte body reading 'Server-unavailable!', identically on robots.txt, on the root and on /ru/, resampled three times under B-031.
The Minsk City Executive Committee is the body that would issue an access restriction for Minsk, so this is the municipal channel itself, and unlike a 403 it carries no statement about us at all — a 503 is the publisher saying nothing. It is therefore the one Belarusian door where a later retry is genuinely worth a request rather than a hope.
Recorded as part of B-078.); https://www.government.by/ (TCP connects in 32 ms and the TLS handshake then fails with ECONNRESET after 12,081 ms. This is recorded as unmeasurable_from_here rather than as a blocked host, because scripts/probe-tls.mjs calibrates first and our egress OPENS TCP for RFC 5737 addresses where no host can exist — so the connect proves nothing and the reset is not attributable.
Nothing about the Council of Ministers host has actually been measured; the next move is a probe from a different network, not another attempt from this one. Recorded as part of B-078.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Belarus is the forty-third country in this sweep, the sixth European one measured and not published, and the first anywhere whose publisher opened, served us its real database, and then closed on us mid-measurement. It is also the country that proves the previous cycle's entry point wrong in the publisher's own words.
Cycle 94 handed over pravo.by as Belarus's open door on the strength of its robots.txt — HTTP 200, 2,584 bytes, Bitrix, only CMS internals and parameter noise disallowed, a sitemap declared. All of that is true and none of it was permission.
Every HTML path on that host answers HTTP 403 with a 2,774-byte page that names the reason: 'К сожалению, доступ к сайту недоступен для вашего региона' — access to the site is not available for your region. The root, /natsionalnyy-reestr/, /pravovaya-informatsiya/pravovye-akty-po-temam/ and /document/?guid= all return it.
What the host does serve is exactly the two machine-readable files: robots.txt, and a sitemap index of nine children totalling 48,106 URLs — which turn out to be news. sitemap-iblock-8 is news/list.php?SECTION_ID=, sitemap-iblock-1 is /novosti/ dated by month, and a scan of the whole 48,106 for road-charging and low-emission vocabulary matches nothing.
So the declared inventory that made pravo.by look measured contains not one legal act.
The municipal channel is closed in a third way again: minsk.gov.by answers HTTP 503 with a nineteen-byte body reading 'Server-unavailable!' on robots.txt, on the root and on /ru/, resampled three times under B-031. ncpi.gov.by does not resolve. www.government.by opens TCP in 32 ms and then fails the TLS handshake with ECONNRESET after 12 seconds, which on this egress is unmeasurable_from_here rather than a finding, because a control connection to an unroutable RFC 5737 address opens the same way.
That left ЭТАЛОН-ONLINE, etalonline.by, the National Centre of Legal Information's public legal database, and it was reached legitimately: the host omits its intermediate certificate, so Node reports UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE, and scripts/lib/aia-agent.mjs repaired the chain from the copy the leaf itself names in its AIA extension, through GlobalSign GCC R46 AlphaSSL CA 2025 to GlobalSign Root R46, which is already in Node's own root bundle — a fully verified handshake, with verification left on.
Its robots.txt is open to us with Crawl-delay 5, which was honoured, and it disallows *?q= and *?p=; the search form's query parameter is search_str, read from the form rather than assumed, so the search is not the disallowed one. And the database answered.
A search for 'пешеходная зона' returned HTTP 200, 536,616 bytes, 'Найдено документов: 1475' and ten parsed result rows carrying real registration numbers and titles. The blind negative zzqqxxyy returned HTTP 200 with no result list element on the page at all and no count — a structurally different page, which is the control working. Two things were learned before the door shut.
First, quoting is ignored: '"пешеходная зона"' returns the same 1475 in the same order, so that number is a loose relevance count and not a phrase count, and reading it as one would have been the D-139 mistake in Cyrillic.
Second, and this is the reason Belarus was worth the cycle at all, the publisher's own search form names eight databases and db[]=1 is 'Решения органов местного управления и самоуправления' — decisions of local government and self-government bodies.
D-148's first mandatory question, whether a municipal legislative class exists at all, is therefore answered for Belarus in the publisher's own taxonomy: it does, and it is a first-class search facet. Then the host closed. Adding db[]=1 returned the same 2,774-byte regional 403 that pravo.by serves, byte-identical in wording on a different host — a shared national filter rather than a site policy.
Adding force=1 returned it too. At that point there was a clean and completely wrong story available: that the simple search is permitted and the advanced one is region-blocked. What killed it cost one request — re-running the exact simple query that had returned 1475 eight minutes earlier, which now also returned the 403.
The block is cumulative, not parameter-dependent: after roughly six successful requests the host closed and stayed closed, and the db[] and force refusals were the closing, not a facet policy. Belarus is set aside with its negative honestly bounded: we do not know whether Minsk has an access-restriction or pedestrian-zone regime.
We know the register that would answer exists, holds a municipal class, was readable for six requests, and is behind a national regional filter that our region does not pass. Two Belarusian national hosts remain open and were measured but hold no municipal register — mvd.gov.by (robots 213 bytes, root 10,788) and www.mintrans.gov.by (robots 872 bytes of stock Joomla, root 61,029). Recorded as B-078.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 8,971 URLs across five sitemaps (an index of three, a video sitemap of 211, and Norwegian, Nynorsk and English content sitemaps of 7,569, 882 and 562), searched for lavutslippssone, nullutslippssone, miljøsone, piggdekk, bompenger, datokjøring, kjøreforbud, beredskapstakst and miljøfartsgrense — 24 matches, of which the only zero-emission-zone items are a study and a consultation from Statens vegvesen (www.vegvesen.no) — the national roads authority's own declared sitemaps, read with scripts/probe-sitemap.mjs.
Listed because it is the denominator behind the claim that Norway has no zero-emission zone in force: both nullutslippssone hits in it are a 2022 study and a 2026 consultation. ⚠️ Its robots.txt disallows every *.pdf, which bounds what a later cycle may fetch from this host, 5,074 URLs, searched for piggdekk, bomring, bompenger, nullutslippssone, lavutslippssone, miljøfartsgrense, gågate and bilfritt — seven matches, of which exactly one is a scheme in force (the piggdekkgebyr, now recorded).
Also counted separately: 19 forskrift pages, none of them the piggdekk regulation, and zero bomring or bompenger pages, because the toll ring is the operator's and not the municipality's from Oslo kommune (www.oslo.kommune.no) — the City's own declared sitemap, read with scripts/probe-sitemap.mjs.
This is the inventory that both found the published scheme and bounded the negative around it: one rule in force, one finished programme, one consultation, one building project, and no zone geometry anywhere.
We still cannot read https://lovdata.no/robots.txt (HTTP 200, 959 bytes, five groups, and the last is 'User-agent: * / Disallow: /' — with SiteimproveBot, ChatGPT-User and GPTBot excluded by name before it and the declared sitemap sitting inside the named group rather than the general one.
Norsk Lovtidend and the consolidated forskrifter are published here, so the legal instrument behind Oslo's studded-tyre charge is forbidden to us in writing.
First measured 2026-09-15 and not re-fetched for this record: nothing about the charge is read from it, nothing is paraphrased from it, and the record's own test forbids any lovdata.no URL from appearing on it. ⬜ What this costs is specific and worth stating: the national forskrift sets the framework and the maximum, so a change in the national ceiling would reach a driver only through Oslo's own page, which we do watch.
The published record's provenance therefore ends at the municipality that levies the charge.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Norway is the forty-sixth country in this sweep, the first European one to be published in fourteen cycles, and the country that shows what it costs to record a national publisher's refusal without recording the municipal channel behind it.
It had been measured once, on 2026-09-15, and only at the top: lovdata.no serves a 959-byte robots.txt whose last group is 'User-agent: * / Disallow: /', so Norwegian regulations — which is where a studded-tyre charge or a low emission zone legally lives — are forbidden to us in writing, and that is a rule we obey rather than a wall we measure around.
The note filed at the time was right about one more thing and it is the reason this cycle went back: it said the Tyrolean recipe does not transfer, because a Norwegian lavutslippssone belongs to the cities rather than to a region. Nobody then asked the cities. Two of them were asked here, both with a declared denominator rather than by clicking.
Statens vegvesen, the national roads authority, serves an open robots.txt disallowing only /s/, /globalassets/, /contentassets/ and — worth noting for any later cycle — every *.pdf; its two declared sitemaps resolve to 8,971 URLs, and a search of all of them for lavutslippssone, nullutslippssone, miljøsone, piggdekk, bompenger, datokjøring, kjøreforbud, beredskapstakst and miljøfartsgrense returns 24 matches.
The finding in those 24 is a negative that matters more than the positive: both nullutslippssone items are studies rather than schemes — a 2022 'Utredning om nullutslippssoner i byer' and a 2026 consultation on zero-emission zones, automatic control and enforcement — so Norway has no zero-emission zone in force and is still at consultation stage, which is exactly the claim a driver-facing page must not get wrong in the optimistic direction.
Oslo was then asked on its own account and answered with one scheme. The City declares a single sitemap of 5,074 URLs; searching all of it for piggdekk, bomring, bompenger, nullutslippssone, lavutslippssone, miljøfartsgrense, gågate and bilfritt returns seven matches, and exactly one is a rule in force: the piggdekkgebyr, the studded-tyre charge, which is now recorded.
Of the other six, four belong to 'Bilfritt byliv 2016–2023', a car-free-city-life programme the City itself dates as finished, one is a consultation and one is a street-conversion project. Two absences in that inventory are findings rather than gaps.
There is no bomring or bompenger page at all, because Oslo's toll ring belongs to the operator and not to the municipality — it was not measured here and is not claimed either way.
And of the nineteen forskrift pages Oslo does publish, not one is the piggdekk regulation, so the instrument behind the charge is on lovdata and stays unread: the record cites the municipality that levies the charge, at the address where it tells drivers what to pay, and paraphrases no legal text it has not seen.
What Oslo publishes is complete enough to record without it — the season 1 November 2026 to 4 April 2027, two weight classes with all six tariffs, a 750-kroner tilleggsgebyr, five exemptions, and the two sentences that make the scheme matter to a route rather than to a resident: the charge applies within the municipal boundary including state roads, and a valid oblat is needed even if you are only driving through.
The exemption list also names the next two cities for free, in the publisher's own words: an oblat from Bergen or Trondheim is valid in Oslo. Neither of those has been measured, and the record says so rather than implying a national scheme.
One structural remark for the next cycle, because it is the reason Norway did not arrive earlier: the sweep's European work had been organised around national legal registers, and Norway's is closed. The scheme was found in a municipal service page, which is the Bucharest recipe — the operating authority's own register rather than the gazette — applied to a country whose gazette forbids us.
Looked at and not counted as a scheme:
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 5 Verordnungen the Land publishes under Luft, Rechtsgrundlagen — the whole list, not a first page from Amt der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung — Umweltinformation Steiermark.
We still cannot read https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/ (HTTP 503 behind a Myra bot check that will not serve robots.txt either, measured 15 September 2026 and deliberately NOT re-measured: a CAPTCHA is not worked around and re-fetching it would only be another refusal.
This is the channel that carries the authentic text of the Verordnungen behind all four Austrian records and the federal act that sets their penalties, which is why every Austrian record here has a null penalty and says so (B-057).); https://data.bka.gv.at/robots.txt ('Disallow: /' for everything, measured 15 September 2026 and not re-fetched.
The federal open-data face of the same publisher as RIS, so the refusal is the same refusal written twice rather than two doors (B-057).); https://www.salzburg.gv.at/themen/verkehr/strassenverkehr/lkw-fahrverbote (HTTP 200, 20,241 bytes, and the article body is not in the HTML: the string 'Lkw-Fahrverbote' occurs only inside the title element and one meta attribute, while the same host's /themen/umwelt/luft returns 437,478 bytes of readable page through the same client.
So this is one page rendering client-side rather than a host that refuses us, and it is the single most promising unread lead in Austria.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Austria has had four records in this corpus since cycle 102 and no entry on this page until today, and the gap is the whole of what V-056 was about: the continent-level check could not see it, because Europe plainly has records. The reason the gap was possible here rather than somewhere else is that Austria is the European country whose NATIONAL register is the one channel that is shut.
RIS, the Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, carries the authentic text of the federal Immissionsschutzgesetz-Luft and of every Land's Landesgesetzblatt, and it answers this project with a Myra bot check; data.bka.gv.at disallows everything. Neither is worked around (B-057), and neither has been re-fetched since it was first measured on 15 September 2026, because re-measuring a CAPTCHA is not a measurement.
So Austria cannot be swept the way Czechia or Slovenia can, where one national database answers the question for every municipality at once. The door that does work is each Land's own office, and it is the door all four records already stand on: the Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung's Abteilung Umweltschutz for the three A 12 Verordnungen, the Amt der Oö.
Landesregierung for the A 1 lorry ban between Haid and Enns, the Amt der NÖ Landesregierung for the Wiener-Umland Sanierungsgebiet that reaches Schwechat, and Stadt Wien for the city-wide ban on Abgasklassen Euro 0 to 2. Four Länder of nine, and each of the four is a Landeshauptmann exercising the same federal power, so the framework is national and only the publication is not.
The five Länder never read were started today and two were measured. Steiermark answers and is allowed: www.umwelt.steiermark.at/robots.txt is HTTP 200, 565 bytes, and names no rule that reaches us.
Its own Verordnungen list under Luft then gives a clean counted negative — five acts, dated between February 2017 and April 2020, and not one of them restricts a vehicle: a COVID-19 ban on ceremonial fires, an amendment to the Steiermärkische Luftreinhalteverordnung 2011, two federal measurement-concept Verordnungen for IG-L and ozone, and the Steiermärkische Feuerungsanlagenverordnung 2016.
The Land's § 9a IG-L programme page is titled 'Luftreinhalteprogramm Steiermark 2019 - Maßnahmenkatalog' and publishes a foreword with no document linked from it, so the measure catalogue the title promises is not there to read. ⚠️ That is a negative about what this Land publishes under Luft and NOT about Styrian law, and the difference matters because our own Oberösterreich source contradicts the easy reading: the Amt der Oö.
Landesregierung's 'Fragen zu Tempo 100' page names Wien, Niederösterreich, Steiermark and Tirol as the Länder with comparable rules. A Styrian ban is therefore likely to exist and to be published somewhere other than the page that lists Verordnungen.
Salzburg is the open lead and it is a strong one, because the Land names the thing we are looking for in its own navigation. www.salzburg.gv.at/robots.txt is HTTP 200, 107 bytes, allowed; the Land's air page at /themen/umwelt/luft links a page of its own called 'Lkw-Fahrverbote und Ausnahmen' at /themen/verkehr/strassenverkehr/lkw-fahrverbote, alongside the two RIS links for the federal IG-L and the Salzburger Luftreinhaltegesetz.
That page answers HTTP 200 and its body is not in its HTML: 20,241 bytes in which the phrase appears only in the title element and one meta attribute. So the lead is named, reachable, and not yet readable by the means used here. Kärnten, Vorarlberg and Burgenland have not been read at all.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 20 acts on the first result page for this title formula — the page holds 20, so this is a floor and not a bound from სსიპ „საქართველოს საკანონმდებლო მაცნე“ (Legislative Herald of Georgia). We still cannot read https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/1545968 (No bytes at all within 120 seconds, measured 30 September 2026.
This is the Kazbegi Sakrebulo's road-list decree №52 of 29 December 2011, wanted because the 2019 restriction rests its Kobi road list on a decree the register does not hold under that number.
A second attempt for the same act's PDF at /ka/document/download/1545968/0/ge/pdf answered in full and returned 840 bytes of HTML rather than a PDF. ⚠️ Neither is a refusal and neither should be read as one: the same host served the 2019 decree, its PDF and a 1.19 MB search page within the same hour.
The pattern to test next time is whether the oldest acts on this register - the 2011 and 2012 generation - are the ones that hang.), so treat this as unfinished rather than clear — we do not work around a block.
Georgia is the other country V-056 caught: two records since cycle 111, no entry here until today, and unlike Austria it is filed under Europe on a judgement rather than on a fact - it is a Council of Europe member west of the Caspian whose western half is european by any line anyone draws, and Asia is a continent Gabor has not asked us to start.
The entry says so out loud so that the choice is auditable rather than implicit in a tally. The register is the most open one this sweep has found in Europe, and it was re-measured through the shared robots gate today: matsne.gov.ge/robots.txt is HTTP 200, 2,212 bytes, stock Drupal with 'Crawl-delay: 10', and its Disallow list covers /admin/, /search/, /user/* and /includes/ but NOT /ka/document/*.
Acts come back in full as free text and as a generated PDF.
Two limits make it a narrower door than that sounds, and both were measured rather than inferred. 🚨 THE SEARCH INDEXES TITLES AND NOT BODIES: Batumi decree №26 carries the phrase «ცალმხრივი მოძრაობა» verbatim in its text and searching that exact phrase returns zero documents, with 'StopCoV' as the positive control at 20 rows and 'ZZZZQQQQXK' as the negative control at zero.
A zero here means 'no act TITLE says this', which is a much weaker negative than it looks. ⚠️ AND THE CONSOLIDATED TEXT OF AN AMENDED ACT IS PAID, so only an act that has never been amended can be written from this register at all (D-197); the budget for buying one is zero. The consequence for method is that this register is worked by guessing title formulas, and cycle 111 exhausted nine of them.
Today a tenth was tried and it is the productive one: «საგზაო მოძრაობის ორგანიზების» - the organisation of road traffic - returns 20 acts on its first result page, and a page holds 20, so that number is a floor and not a bound. It is also the formula both existing Georgian records came out of, which is the test that matters: Tsqaltubo decree №7 and Dusheti decree №28 are both on it.
Seven municipalities are named on the page that had never been read - Batumi with nine acts, Tbilisi with two, Dmanisi with three, Sagarejo, Gori, Tsalenjikha and Kazbegi - and one of them became a record today. 🔑 WHAT THE KAZBEGI ACT TURNED OUT TO BE IS THE FINDING WORTH CARRYING FORWARD.
Decree №28 of the Kazbegi Municipality Sakrebulo of 25 December 2019 restricts goods vehicles on the local roads of the Gudauri AND Kobi administrative units, Friday 10:00 to Monday 10:00 through the ski season - which is word for word the restriction this corpus already held for Gudauri, under decree №28 of the DUSHETI Municipality Sakrebulo adopted one day later on 26 December 2019.
Gudauri straddles the two municipalities, the existing record had already measured the boundary on the ground at 0.94 km east of the village node, and each municipality legislated for its own side within a day of the other. So the new record is filed under Kobi, the settlement that had none, and the corpus now holds both halves.
The two twin decrees differ on exactly one point a driver must act on: Kazbegi writes the vehicle classes as N1, N2 and N3, which are lookupable goods-vehicle categories, where Dusheti writes №1, №2 and №3, which match nothing.
What was named on the page and set aside: Tbilisi's two acts are about consenting to the placement of linear structures and the scheme for carrying those works out, which is a works-permit rule and not a restriction on driving, and one further act on the page is the national government's technical regulation on the use of signs, markings and traffic lights.
Batumi's acts were read in cycle 111 and are one-way streets and M3 bus lanes rather than vehicle access restrictions. ➡️ Dmanisi, Sagarejo, Gori and Tsalenjikha are named, unread, and the obvious next four.
Checked against the publisher's own listing of everything it holds — 1,136 issuing bodies, national and municipal together. 🔑 This is what makes the nil returns mean something: the register is not a national-law selection.
It lists 387 Երևան քաղաքի ավագանի (Yerevan City Council) and 389 Երևանի քաղաքապետ (Mayor of Yerevan) alongside the councils of villages of a few hundred people from ARLIS (Իրավական ակտերի տեղեկատվական համակարգ) — the register's own "Ընդունող մարմին" (enactment body) control, which is the list of every authority whose acts it carries, 9,216 acts of the Mayor and Council of Yerevan (the Council alone answers 1,183).
This is the denominator the pedestrian-zone, goods-vehicle and traffic-restriction searches returned zero against from ARLIS — every act issued by the two Yerevan bodies, counted through the register's own result count with the enactment_org filter set to 387,389 and no search phrase.
Armenia was measured and set aside with a reason, and it is the first European country this sweep reached whose negative rests on a large denominator rather than on a door.
It had never been looked at at all: before 2026-09-30 the word "Armenia" did not appear anywhere in this continent's text, while Georgia — filed under Europe on Council of Europe membership, with the choice written out loud in src/domain/continents.ts — has carried records since cycle 111.
Armenia is a Council of Europe member state on the same footing, so the same filing applies and the gap was an oversight rather than a decision.
THE PUBLISHER IS OPEN, AND THAT WAS MEASURED, NOT ASSUMED. www.arlis.am — the Armenian Legal Information System, Իրավական ակտերի տեղեկատվական համակարգ — serves no robots.txt at all: the request answers HTTP 404 with an ordinary HTML error page, not a challenge interstitial. www.yerevan.am answers HTTP 200 with a 130-byte file whose only rule is "Disallow: /uploads/pcs/". 🚫 This is emphatically NOT the Estonian or Lithuanian shape (B-059, B-063), where robots.txt itself comes back as a Cloudflare 403.
AND THE REGISTER IS COMPREHENSIVE, WHICH IS WHAT MAKES THE ZEROES MEAN ANYTHING. Its enactment_org control carries 1,136 issuing bodies, national and MUNICIPAL alike, including 387 Երևան քաղաքի ավագանի (Yerevan City Council) and 389 Երևանի քաղաքապետ (Mayor of Yerevan). Asked for everything those two bodies have issued, it answers 9,216 acts; the council alone answers 1,183.
So a nil return here is a measurement over a real corpus, not a gap in a sample. THE MEASUREMENT. Full-text search for «հետիոտնային գոտի» (pedestrian zone) returns 3 acts nationally and every one of them is the national road-traffic instrument — the Road Traffic Safety Law and the Government decision approving the traffic rules — where the phrase is the sign definition.
The same phrase scoped to the two Yerevan bodies returns 0. «բեռնատար ավտոմոբիլների» (goods vehicles) scoped to Yerevan returns 0; «բեռնատար ավտոմեքենաների մուտքը» (entry of goods vehicles) returns 0 nationally. Title searches for «երթևեկությունը սահմանափակելու» and «երթևեկությունն արգելելու» (on restricting / on prohibiting traffic) return 0 and 0.
The one traffic-titled act either Yerevan body has issued creates an institution — the "Yerevan Traffic Management Centre" — and does not restrict anybody. «երթևեկությունը սահմանափակվում» returns 17 nationally: the traffic code, Court of Cassation judgments, and the Law on local self-government in the city of Yerevan, which grants the POWER to restrict traffic without exercising it.
One act was read in full rather than judged from its title — government decision 41878 on road capacity and carriageway congestion — and it turns out to be parking regulation and an action plan: it names no area, no vehicle class and no hours, so it cannot ground a record. ➡️ Armenia is therefore an open publisher with no such act — the Kosovo, Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus shape rather than the Estonian one.
Nothing is claimed about Armenian roads beyond that this register does not carry a municipal vehicle-access or emission zone. 🔑 ONE FINDING HERE IS NOT ABOUT ARMENIA AND SHOULD OUTLIVE THIS ENTRY. The Armenian lowercase ligature «և» (U+0587) uppercases into TWO letters, «ԵՎ», and ARLIS stores act titles in capitals.
So the lowercase spelling of "traffic" — երթևեկության — matches ZERO titles, while the uppercase spelling ԵՐԹԵՎԵԿՈՒԹՅԱՆ matches 150. Same word; nought and a hundred and fifty. A cycle that ran only the first would have concluded that Armenia publishes no traffic law at all, and its log would show a properly reasoned search.
Wherever changing case changes the COUNT of characters — Armenian և, German ß, Greek final ς — both spellings have to be measured separately.
A second blind spot sat beside it: the register's simple_text box searches TITLES ONLY unless the publisher's own text_filter radio is set to 2, and four nil returns were produced before that was noticed. ⬜ Azerbaijan remains unmeasured and is deliberately not swept in on Armenia's coat-tails: it left the Council of Europe in 2024, so the ground Georgia and Armenia are filed on does not reach it, and where it belongs is a filing decision in its own right.